The Prophet (ﷺ) said: When one of you is fasting, he should break his fast with dates; but if he cannot get any, then (he should break his fast) with water, for water is purifying.
Hadith Text & Reference
The Prophet (ﷺ) said: "When one of you is fasting, he should break his fast with dates; but if he cannot get any, then (he should break his fast) with water, for water is purifying."
Reference: Sunan Abi Dawud 2355 | Book: Fasting (Kitab Al-Siyam)
Primary Meaning & Wisdom
This noble hadith establishes the Prophetic guidance for breaking the fast (iftar). Dates are recommended as the primary food due to their natural sugars that quickly replenish energy, ease digestion, and prepare the stomach for food after prolonged emptiness.
Water serves as the secondary option, praised for its purifying quality (ṭahūr), which cleanses the body and quenches thirst effectively. This demonstrates the Sunnah's practicality and consideration for varying circumstances.
Juridical Ruling (Fiqh)
Scholars consider this recommendation (mustaḥabb) rather than obligatory. Following this Sunnah brings spiritual reward, though breaking fast with other lawful foods remains permissible. The sequence emphasizes starting with light, easily digestible substances.
Spiritual & Health Benefits
Breaking fast with dates symbolizes following the Prophet's example, enhancing the fast's spiritual value. Medically, dates provide immediate energy without shocking the digestive system. Water's purification aligns with Islam's emphasis on both physical and spiritual cleanliness.
Scholarly Commentary
Imam Al-Nawawi stated: "This hadith shows the perfection of the Prophet's guidance in matters of health and nutrition." Ibn Qayyim elaborated: "Dates moisten the dryness fasting creates in the body, while water completes this purification process, making them ideal companions for iftar."