Hadith Text & Context

Hunaydah ibn Khalid narrated from his wife on the authority of one of the wives of the Prophet (ﷺ) who said: The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) used to fast the first nine days of Dhul-Hijjah, Ashura' and three days of every month, that is, the first Monday (of the month) and Thursday.

Scholarly Commentary

This narration from Sunan Abi Dawud 2437 establishes three distinct voluntary fasting practices of the Prophet (ﷺ). The first nine days of Dhul-Hijjah are immensely virtuous, especially the Day of Arafah, as these are the best days of the year for righteous deeds.

The fasting on Ashura (10th of Muharram) expiates the sins of the previous year. The regular monthly fasting on Mondays and Thursdays is recommended as deeds are presented to Allah on these days, and fasting enhances the presentation of one's good deeds.

Legal Rulings

These fasts are all considered Sunnah Mu'akkadah (emphasized traditions) but remain voluntary (nafl). Fasting the first nine days of Dhul-Hijjah is highly recommended but not obligatory, with the exception of the Day of Arafah for non-pilgrims.

The specification of "first Monday" indicates preference for beginning the monthly fasting at the start of the lunar month, though fasting any Monday and Thursday remains virtuous according to other authentic narrations.

Spiritual Benefits

These fasting practices demonstrate the Prophet's continuous connection with Allah throughout the year. The combination of annual, monthly, and weekly fasts creates a comprehensive spiritual regimen that purifies the soul, increases taqwa (God-consciousness), and earns immense reward.

The selection of specific days shows divine wisdom in choosing times when mercy is abundant and forgiveness is near, allowing believers to maximize their spiritual gains throughout different time cycles.