Al-Qa'nabi narrated to us, from Malik, from Ibn Shihab, from 'Urwah ibn al-Zubayr, from 'A'ishah, the wife of the Prophet (ﷺ), that she said: We went out with the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) during the Farewell Pilgrimage, and we assumed ihram for an 'umrah. Then the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said, "Whoever has a sacrificial animal with him, let him assume ihram for Hajj along with 'umrah, then he shall not exit ihram until he completes both of them." I reached Makkah while I was menstruating, and I did not perform Tawaf around the House, nor between al-Safa and al-Marwah. I complained about that to the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ), and he said, "Undo your head, comb your hair, assume ihram for Hajj, and leave the 'umrah." She said: So I did that. When we finished the Hajj, the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) sent me with 'Abd al-Rahman ibn Abi Bakr to al-Tan'im, and I performed 'umrah. He said, "This is in place of your 'umrah." She said: Those who had assumed ihram for 'umrah performed Tawaf around the House and between al-Safa and al-Marwah, then they exited ihram. Then they performed another Tawaf after returning from Mina for their Hajj. As for those who combined Hajj and 'umrah, they only performed a single Tawaf.
Abu Dawud said: Ibrahim ibn Sa'd and Ma'mar narrated it from Ibn Shihab similarly, but they did not mention the Tawaf of those who assumed ihram for 'umrah and the Tawaf of those who combined Hajj and 'umrah.
The Rites of Hajj (Kitab Al-Manasik Wa'l-Hajj)
Sunan Abi Dawud 1781 - Commentary by Classical Scholars
Context of the Narration
This hadith from Aisha (RA) describes the Farewell Pilgrimage, where the Prophet (SAWS) taught the proper procedures for Hajj al-Qiran (combined pilgrimage) and addressed situations where rituals cannot be completed due to valid impediments.
Scholarly Commentary on Ritual Combinations
The Prophet (SAWS) instructed those with sacrificial animals to combine Hajj and Umrah (Qiran), maintaining ihram until completing both. This demonstrates the flexibility in ritual performance based on individual circumstances and intentions.
Those performing Tamattu' (separate Umrah and Hajj) performed two tawafs, while those performing Qiran completed only one tawaf, illustrating the principle of ritual economy where permissible.
Menstruation and Ritual Adaptation
Aisha's (RA) situation shows that menstruation prevents tawaf and sa'i, but doesn't invalidate the pilgrimage. The Prophet's solution - converting to Hajj-only intention and performing missed Umrah later - demonstrates Islamic jurisprudence's practical accommodation of natural circumstances.
Legal Principles Derived
1. Qiran pilgrimage requires maintaining ihram between Umrah and Hajj rituals
2. Menstruation prevents tawaf but not other Hajj rites
3. Missed rituals due to valid reasons can be compensated later
4. Intentions can be modified when circumstances require
5. Different types of pilgrimage have distinct ritual requirements