We went out with the Messenger of Allah (SWAS) at the farewell pilgrimage and raised the voice in talbiyah for an ‘Umrah. The Apostel of Allah (SWAS) said those who have brought the sacrificial animals with them should raise their voices in talbiyah for Hajj along with an ‘Umrah and they should not put off their Ihram till they do so after performing them both. I came to Makkah while I was menstruating and I did not go round the House (the Ka’bah) or run between al-Safa and al-Marwah. I complained about this to the Messenger of Allah (SWAS) he said: Undo your hair, comb it and raise your voice in talbiyah for Hajj and let `Umrah go. She said I did so. When we performed Hajj, the Messenger of Allah (SWAS) sent me along with `Abd al-Rahman bin Abu Bakr to al-Ta’nim and I performed `Umrah. He said, this is `Umrah in place of the one you had missed. She said those who had raised their voices in talbiyah for `Umrah put off Ihram after circumambulating the House (the Ka’bah) and after running between al-Safa and al-Marwa. Then they performed another circumambulation for their Hajj after they returned from Mina but those who combined Hajj and `Umrah performed only one circumambulation.
The Rites of Hajj (Kitab Al-Manasik Wa'l-Hajj)
Sunan Abi Dawud 1781 - Commentary by Classical Scholars
Context of the Narration
This hadith from Aisha (RA) describes the Farewell Pilgrimage, where the Prophet (SAWS) taught the proper procedures for Hajj al-Qiran (combined pilgrimage) and addressed situations where rituals cannot be completed due to valid impediments.
Scholarly Commentary on Ritual Combinations
The Prophet (SAWS) instructed those with sacrificial animals to combine Hajj and Umrah (Qiran), maintaining ihram until completing both. This demonstrates the flexibility in ritual performance based on individual circumstances and intentions.
Those performing Tamattu' (separate Umrah and Hajj) performed two tawafs, while those performing Qiran completed only one tawaf, illustrating the principle of ritual economy where permissible.
Menstruation and Ritual Adaptation
Aisha's (RA) situation shows that menstruation prevents tawaf and sa'i, but doesn't invalidate the pilgrimage. The Prophet's solution - converting to Hajj-only intention and performing missed Umrah later - demonstrates Islamic jurisprudence's practical accommodation of natural circumstances.
Legal Principles Derived
1. Qiran pilgrimage requires maintaining ihram between Umrah and Hajj rituals
2. Menstruation prevents tawaf but not other Hajj rites
3. Missed rituals due to valid reasons can be compensated later
4. Intentions can be modified when circumstances require
5. Different types of pilgrimage have distinct ritual requirements