Al-Adab Al-Mufrad
Book 14, Hadith 290
حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَامِرٍ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْجَلِيلِ بْنُ عَطِيَّةَ، عَنْ شَهْرٍ، عَنْ أُمِّ الدَّرْدَاءِ قَالَتْ: قَامَ أَبُو الدَّرْدَاءِ لَيْلَةً يُصَلِّي، فَجَعَلَ يَبْكِي وَيَقُولُ: اللَّهُمَّ أَحْسَنْتَ خَلْقِي فَحَسِّنْ خُلُقِي، حَتَّى أَصْبَحَ، قُلْتُ: يَا أَبَا الدَّرْدَاءِ، مَا كَانَ دُعَاؤُكَ مُنْذُ اللَّيْلَةِ إِلاَّ فِي حُسْنِ الْخُلُقِ؟ فَقَالَ: يَا أُمَّ الدَّرْدَاءِ، إِنَّ الْعَبْدَ الْمُسْلِمَ يَحْسُنُ خُلُقُهُ، حَتَّى يُدْخِلَهُ حُسْنُ خُلُقِهِ الْجَنَّةَ، وَيَسِيءُ خُلُقُهُ، حَتَّى يُدْخِلَهُ سُوءُ خُلُقِهِ النَّارَ، وَالْعَبْدُ الْمُسْلِمُ يُغْفَرُ لَهُ وَهُوَ نَائِمٌ، قُلْتُ: يَا أَبَا الدَّرْدَاءِ، كَيْفَ يُغْفَرُ لَهُ وَهُوَ نَائِمٌ؟ قَالَ: يَقُومُ أَخُوهُ مِنَ اللَّيْلِ فَيَجْتَهِدُ فَيَدْعُو اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ فَيَسْتَجِيبُ لَهُ، وَيَدْعُو لأَخِيهِ فَيَسْتَجِيبُ لَهُ فِيهِ.
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
‘Abd Allah ibn Muhammad narrated to us: Abu ‘Amir narrated to us: ‘Abd al-Jalil ibn ‘Atiyya narrated to us, from Shahr, from Umm al-Darda’, who said: Abu al-Darda’ stood one night to pray. He began to weep and say, ‘O Allah, You made my creation beautiful, so make my character beautiful,’ until morning. I said, ‘Abu al-Darda’, was your supplication all night only for good character?’ He replied, ‘Umm al-Darda’, a Muslim servant improves his character until his good character brings him into the Garden; and he behaves badly until his bad character brings him into the Fire. A Muslim servant is forgiven while he is asleep.’ I asked, ‘Abu al-Darda’, how can he be forgiven while asleep?’ He said, ‘His brother rises during the night, strives in worship, and supplicates to Allah, Mighty and Majestic, and He answers him; he also supplicates for his brother, and He answers him concerning him.’
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The account is transmitted from Umm al-Darda’ as a report about Abu al-Darda’. The repeated خلق distinguishes his physical creation from his character. The last pronoun in يستجيب له فيه refers to the brother for whom the supplication is made.
وَيَدْعُو لأَخِيهِ فَيَسْتَجِيبُ لَهُ فِيهِ
The pronouns refer to the night worshipper and his brother, but the compact final phrase is syntactically dense.
Would ‘and He answers his prayer for his brother’ make the antecedents clearer without losing the wording?