Al-Adab Al-Mufrad
Al-Adab Al-Mufrad 18
حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ بْنِ عُبَيْدِ اللهِ بْنِ أَبِي بَكْرَةَ الْبَصْرِيُّ لَقِيتُهُ بِالرَّمْلَةِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي رَاشِدٌ أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ شَهْرِ بْنِ حَوْشَبٍ، عَنْ أُمِّ الدَّرْدَاءِ، عَنْ أَبِي الدَّرْدَاءِ قَالَ: أَوْصَانِي رَسُولُ اللهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم بِتِسْعٍ: لاَ تُشْرِكْ بِاللَّهِ شَيْئًا ؛ وَإِنْ قُطِّعْتَ أَوْ حُرِّقْتَ، وَلاَ تَتْرُكَنَّ الصَّلاَةَ الْمَكْتُوبَةَ مُتَعَمِّدًا، وَمَنْ تَرَكَهَا مُتَعَمِّدًا بَرِئَتْ مِنْهُ الذِّمَّةُ، وَلاَ تَشْرَبَنَّ الْخَمْرَ، فَإِنَّهَا مِفْتَاحُ كُلِّ شَرٍّ، وَأَطِعْ وَالِدَيْكَ، وَإِنْ أَمَرَاكَ أَنْ تَخْرُجَ مِنْ دُنْيَاكَ فَاخْرُجْ لَهُمَا، وَلاَ تُنَازِعَنَّ وُلاَةَ الأَمْرِ وَإِنْ رَأَيْتَ أَنَّكَ أَنْتَ، وَلاَ تَفْرُرْ مِنَ الزَّحْفِ، وَإِنْ هَلَكْتَ وَفَرَّ أَصْحَابُكَ، وَأَنْفِقْ مِنْ طَوْلِكَ عَلَى أَهْلِكَ، وَلاَ تَرْفَعْ عَصَاكَ عَنْ أَهْلِكَ، وَأَخِفْهُمْ فِي اللهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ.
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Muhammad ibn 'Abd al-'Aziz narrated to us. He said: 'Abd al-Malik ibn al-Khattab ibn 'Ubayd Allah ibn Abi Bakrah al-Basri narrated to us—I met him in al-Ramla. He said: Rashid Abu Muhammad narrated to me, from Shahr ibn Hawshab, from Umm al-Darda', from Abu al-Darda', who said: The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, advised me to do nine things: “Do not associate anything with Allah, even if you are cut to pieces or burned. Never deliberately abandon an obligatory prayer; whoever deliberately abandons it has the bond of protection withdrawn from him. Do not drink wine, for it is the key to every evil. Obey your parents; if they command you to leave your worldly life, then leave it for them. Do not contend with those in authority, even if you think you are in the right. Do not flee from the advance, even if you perish while your companions flee. Spend from your means on your family. Do not put your stick away from your family. And instill fear of Allah, Mighty and Majestic, in them.”
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ،
The Arabic contains an extended chain through Umm al-Darda'; the witness presents only Abu al-Darda' as narrator.
Should the English witness be marked as abridged for this occurrence?
وَمَنْ تَرَكَهَا مُتَعَمِّدًا بَرِئَتْ مِنْهُ الذِّمَّةُ،
The expression بَرِئَتْ مِنْهُ الذِّمَّةُ has a legal or covenantal force that is not fully specified in the source package; the witness paraphrases it as forfeiting Allah's protection.
Which established rendering of الذمة fits this context without adding an interpretation?
وَإِنْ أَمَرَاكَ أَنْ تَخْرُجَ مِنْ دُنْيَاكَ فَاخْرُجْ لَهُمَا،
The witness renders دنياك as ‘worldly possessions’; the Arabic literally says ‘your world/worldly life,’ whose intended scope is not resolved here.
What scope of دنياك is supported for this instruction?
وَأَنْفِقْ مِنْ طَوْلِكَ عَلَى أَهْلِكَ،
The Arabic says أهلك (your family/household), while the English witness narrows this to ‘your wife.’
Should the English witness's narrower rendering be noted as a scope difference?
وَلاَ تَرْفَعْ عَصَاكَ عَنْ أَهْلِكَ،
The literal Arabic wording is idiomatic or context-dependent; the English witness renders it as ‘Do not raise a stick against your wife,’ which is not a straightforward match to the source wording.
What contextual meaning of this idiom is supported, and does it refer to the household or a wife?