Hadith Text

A Bedouin came to the Prophet (ﷺ) and said: "O Messenger of Allah(ﷺ), what is Islam?" He said: `Five prayers every day and night.` He said: "Do l have to do anything other than that?" He said: "No." He asked him about fasting and he said: "Fasting (the month of) Ramadan." He said: "Do I have to do anything other than that?" He said: "No." He mentioned zakah and said: "Do I have to do anything other than that?" He said: "No." He said: "By Allah, I will do no more and no less than that." The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "He will prosper, if he means what he says."

Source Reference

Musnad of Abu Muhammad Talhah bin 'Ubaidullah

Musnad Ahmad 1390

Scholarly Commentary

This hadith demonstrates the fundamental pillars of Islam in a concise manner. The Prophet (ﷺ) emphasized the five daily prayers, fasting Ramadan, and zakah as the essential obligations. The Bedouin's declaration to do "no more and no less" indicates his commitment to these basic requirements without adding innovations or neglecting duties.

The Prophet's response "He will prosper, if he means what he says" shows that sincerity in fulfilling these basic obligations leads to success in both worlds. This highlights that Islam's foundation lies in proper fulfillment of these pillars with true intention, not in excessive voluntary acts while neglecting fundamentals.

Scholars note this hadith illustrates the principle that Islam is built upon essential pillars, and perfection in fundamentals is superior to abundance in supererogatory acts. The Prophet's approval indicates that one who fulfills these obligations with sincerity has established the foundation of faith.