Afflictions and the End of the World

From Sahih al-Bukhari, Hadith 7126: The Prophet (ﷺ) said, "The Hour will not be established until two big groups fight each other whereupon there will be a great number of casualties on both sides and they will be following one and the same religious doctrine."

Commentary on the Hadith

This prophetic narration foretells a grave tribulation wherein Muslims, despite sharing the same fundamental beliefs, will engage in large-scale conflict resulting in significant bloodshed. Such civil strife indicates a severe deviation from Islamic brotherhood and unity.

The classical scholars explain that this fitnah (trial) emerges when religious knowledge diminishes and worldly desires prevail. The phrase "same religious doctrine" highlights the tragedy - that theological agreement does not prevent political division and warfare among believers.

Scholarly Interpretation

Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani in Fath al-Bari notes this describes internal Muslim conflicts where both parties claim to represent truth. The great casualties indicate the severity of the fighting and the weakening of the Muslim community preceding the Final Hour.

Al-Qurtubi emphasizes that such divisions serve as divine tests and punishments for abandoning scholarly guidance and collective unity. The hadith warns Muslims to avoid sectarianism and maintain solidarity despite political differences.

Contemporary Relevance

This prophecy reminds contemporary Muslims to prioritize unity, avoid extremism in religious interpretation, and resolve differences through scholarly consultation and peaceful means. The preservation of Muslim lives remains a paramount Islamic obligation even during political disagreements.