(the wife of the Prophet) `Umar bin Al-Khattab used to say to Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) "Let your wives be veiled" But he did not do so. The wives of the Prophet (ﷺ) used to go out to answer the call of nature at night only at Al-Manasi.' Once Sauda, the daughter of Zam`a went out and she was a tall woman. `Umar bin Al-Khattab saw her while he was in a gathering, and said, "I have recognized you, O Sauda!" He (`Umar) said so as he was anxious for some Divine orders regarding the veil (the veiling of women.) So Allah revealed the Verse of veiling. (Al-Hijab; a complete body cover excluding the eyes). (See Hadith No. 148, Vol. 1)
Asking Permission - Sahih al-Bukhari 6240
This narration from the blessed companion 'Umar ibn al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) demonstrates the gradual revelation of Islamic legislation concerning hijab. The incident occurred before the divine commandment of veiling was revealed, during which the Mothers of the Believers would venture out for necessary purposes without full covering.
Historical Context & Divine Wisdom
The Prophet's wives initially went uncovered in public, as no specific command had yet been revealed. 'Umar's repeated counsel to the Messenger (peace be upon him) stemmed from his recognition of their elevated status and the need for their protection. His exclamation upon recognizing Sawda bint Zam'a—not out of impropriety but earnest concern—became the catalyst for revelation.
Allah's wisdom in gradual legislation allowed the community to develop spiritual readiness for this weighty commandment, demonstrating how divine law considers human circumstances while elevating spiritual practice.
Legal Implications & Scholarly Commentary
This hadith establishes several key principles: the obligation of hijab for Muslim women, the permissibility of women going out for genuine needs, and the importance of modest attire when in public. The complete covering (excluding eyes) mentioned refers to the jilbab—an outer garment covering the entire body.
Classical scholars like Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani note that this incident illustrates how righteous counsel from companions could lead to divine revelation, showing the merit of offering beneficial advice with proper etiquette.
Spiritual Dimensions
The hijab represents both physical protection and spiritual elevation—a barrier against improper gazing and a manifestation of faith. As Imam al-Qurtubi explains, this commandment preserves social harmony and protects women's dignity, allowing them to participate in society while maintaining their modesty and religious commitment.