Sahih al-Bukhari
Belief
كتاب الإيمان
Chapter 2
دُعَاؤُكُمْ إِيمَانُكُمْ
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Ubaydullah ibn Musa narrated to us. He said: Hanzala ibn Abi Sufyan informed us, from Ikrima ibn Khalid, from Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both), who said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: ‘Islam is built upon five: bearing witness that there is no deity but Allah and that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah; establishing the prayer; giving zakat; making the pilgrimage; and fasting in Ramadan.’
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The English witness expands the prayer and zakat phrases with ritual explanations that are not stated in this Arabic wording; the translation follows the source wording.
Chapter 3
أُمُورِ الإِيمَانِ
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Abdullah ibn Muhammad narrated to us. He said: Abu Amir al-Aqadi narrated to us. He said: Sulayman ibn Bilal narrated to us, from Abdullah ibn Dinar, from Abu Salih, from Abu Hurayra (may Allah be pleased with him), from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), who said: ‘Faith has sixty-odd branches, and modesty is a branch of faith.’
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The English witness expands hayaʾ into several related concepts. The Arabic uses the single term الحياء, rendered here as ‘modesty.’
Chapter 4
الْمُسْلِمُ مَنْ سَلِمَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ مِنْ لِسَانِهِ وَيَدِهِ
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Adam ibn Abi Iyas narrated to us. He said: Shu'ba narrated to us, from Abdullah ibn Abi al-Safar and Ismail, from al-Sha'bi, from Abdullah ibn Amr (may Allah be pleased with them both), from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), who said: ‘A Muslim is one from whose tongue and hand the Muslims are safe, and an emigrant is one who abandons what Allah has forbidden.’ Abu Abdullah said: Abu Muawiya said: Dawud narrated to us, from Amir, who said: I heard Abdullah, from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). Abd al-A'la said: from Dawud, from Amir, from Abdullah, from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him).
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The final two sentences are the compiler's transmission notes and are translated as such. They are absent from the English witness.
Chapter 5
أَىُّ الإِسْلاَمِ أَفْضَلُ
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Sa'id ibn Yahya ibn Sa'id al-Qurashi narrated to us. He said: My father narrated to us. He said: Abu Burda ibn Abdullah ibn Abi Burda narrated to us, from Abu Burda, from Abu Musa (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: They asked, ‘O Messenger of Allah, which aspect of Islam is best?’ He replied: ‘The one from whose tongue and hand the Muslims are safe.’
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The English witness recasts the question as asking which person is the best Muslim. The Arabic literally asks which Islam is best; ‘which aspect of Islam’ makes the implied subject readable without changing it into a question about a person.
أَىُّ الإِسْلاَمِ أَفْضَلُ
The elliptical Arabic question can be understood as asking which practice or aspect of Islam is best; the witness paraphrases it as asking which Muslim is best.
Should the English retain the question about the best aspect of Islam, or follow the witness's person-focused paraphrase?
Chapter 6
إِطْعَامُ الطَّعَامِ مِنَ الإِسْلاَمِ
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Amr ibn Khalid narrated to us. He said: Al-Layth narrated to us, from Yazid, from Abu al-Khayr, from Abdullah ibn Amr (may Allah be pleased with them both): A man asked the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), ‘Which Islam is best?’ He replied: ‘That you feed people and offer the greeting of peace to those you know and those you do not know.’
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The English witness adds ‘the poor’ as the recipients of food and includes a cross-reference; neither appears in this Arabic passage.
Chapter 7
مِنَ الإِيمَانِ أَنْ يُحِبَّ لأَخِيهِ مَا يُحِبُّ لِنَفْسِهِ
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Musaddad narrated to us. He said: Yahya narrated to us, from Shu'ba, from Qatada, from Anas (may Allah be pleased with him), from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). And from Husayn al-Mu'allim, who said: Qatada narrated to us, from Anas, from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), who said: ‘None of you truly believes until he loves for his brother what he loves for himself.’
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The Arabic includes two transmission routes, while the English witness presents only the second route. The Arabic does not specify ‘Muslim’ before ‘brother,’ so that qualifier is not added.
Chapter 8
حُبُّ الرَّسُولِ صلى الله عليه وسلم مِنَ الإِيمَانِ
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Abu al-Yaman narrated to us. He said: Shu'ayb informed us. He said: Abu al-Zinad narrated to us, from al-A'raj, from Abu Hurayra (may Allah be pleased with him), that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: ‘By the One in whose hand is my soul, none of you truly believes until I am more beloved to him than his father and his child.’
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Yaqub ibn Ibrahim narrated to us. He said: Ibn Ulayya narrated to us, from Abd al-Aziz ibn Suhayb, from Anas, from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). And Adam narrated to us. He said: Shu'ba narrated to us, from Qatada, from Anas, who said: The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: ‘None of you truly believes until I am more beloved to him than his father, his child, and all people.’
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The Arabic includes two transmission routes; the English witness presents only the second route.
Chapter 9
حَلاَوَةِ الإِيمَانِ
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Muhammad ibn al-Muthanna narrated to us. He said: Abd al-Wahhab al-Thaqafi narrated to us. He said: Ayyub narrated to us, from Abu Qilaba, from Anas, from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), who said: ‘There are three qualities which, when present in a person, let him find the sweetness of faith: that Allah and His Messenger be more beloved to him than anything else; that he love a person, loving him only for Allah's sake; and that he hate returning to disbelief as much as he hates being cast into the Fire.’
Chapter 10
عَلاَمَةُ الإِيمَانِ حُبُّ الأَنْصَارِ
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Abu al-Walid narrated to us. He said: Shu'ba narrated to us. He said: Abdullah ibn Abdullah ibn Jabir informed me. He said: I heard Anas, from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), who said: ‘Love for the Ansar is a sign of faith, and hatred for the Ansar is a sign of hypocrisy.’
Chapter 11
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Abu al-Yaman narrated to us. He said: Shu'ayb informed us, from al-Zuhri, who said: Abu Idris, A'idhullah ibn Abdullah, informed me that Ubada ibn al-Samit (may Allah be pleased with him)—who had taken part in Badr and was one of the naqibs on the night of al-Aqaba—reported that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said, with a group of his Companions around him: ‘Pledge allegiance to me that you will not associate anything with Allah, will not steal, will not commit adultery, will not kill your children, will not bring forth a slander that you fabricate between your hands and feet, and will not disobey in what is right. Whoever among you fulfills this pledge, his reward is with Allah. Whoever commits any of these acts and is punished for it in this world, that will be an expiation for him. Whoever commits any of these acts and Allah then conceals it, his matter rests with Allah: if He wills, He will forgive him; and if He wills, He will punish him.’ We pledged allegiance to him on that basis.
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The English witness explains naqib as the head of a group of six; the Arabic here uses the title without that explanation.
The English witness paraphrases the phrase about a slander fabricated ‘between your hands and feet’ as accusing an innocent person. The source image is retained in the translation, pending review of the idiom.
The Arabic does not state the witness's parenthetical exception for associating partners with Allah in the clause about punishment in this world; it is not added.
وَلاَ تَأْتُوا بِبُهْتَانٍ تَفْتَرُونَهُ بَيْنَ أَيْدِيكُمْ وَأَرْجُلِكُمْ
The phrase literally invokes a slander fabricated between one's hands and feet; the witness interprets it as accusing an innocent person.
Should the English retain the image or use an idiomatic rendering such as fabricating a false accusation?
Chapter 12
مِنَ الدِّينِ الْفِرَارُ مِنَ الْفِتَنِ
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Abdullah ibn Maslama narrated to us, from Malik, from Abd al-Rahman ibn Abdullah ibn Abd al-Rahman ibn Abi Sa'sa'a, from his father, from Abu Sa'id al-Khudri, who said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: ‘It is soon that the best possession of a Muslim will be sheep, which he will follow up the mountain peaks and to places where rain falls, fleeing with his religion from trials.’
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The Arabic specifies mountain peaks and places where rain falls; the English witness glosses the latter as valleys.
Chapter 13
قَوْلِ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم «أَنَا أَعْلَمُكُمْ بِاللَّهِ»
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Muhammad ibn Salam narrated to us. He said: Abdah informed us, from Hisham, from his father, from Aisha, who said: When the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) instructed them, he instructed them to perform deeds that they were able to do. They said: ‘O Messenger of Allah, we are not like you. Allah has forgiven you for what came before and what came after of your sin.’ He became angry until his anger could be seen in his face. Then he said: ‘I am the most mindful of Allah among you, and the most knowledgeable of Allah.’
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The English witness adds that the deeds were easy for them and within their strength and endurance; those explanations are not stated in this Arabic text.
Chapter 14
مَنْ كَرِهَ أَنْ يَعُودَ فِي الْكُفْرِ كَمَا يَكْرَهُ أَنْ يُلْقَى فِي النَّارِ مِنَ الإِيمَانِ
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Sulayman ibn Harb narrated to us. He said: Shu'ba narrated to us, from Qatada, from Anas (may Allah be pleased with him), from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), who said: ‘There are three qualities which, when present in a person, let him find the sweetness of faith: that Allah and His Messenger be more beloved to him than anything else; that he love a servant, loving him only for Allah's sake; and that he hate returning to disbelief after Allah has rescued him from it, as much as he hates being cast into the Fire.’
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
This wording explicitly says that Allah rescued him from disbelief before the person hates returning to it.
Chapter 15
تَفَاضُلِ أَهْلِ الإِيمَانِ فِي الأَعْمَالِ
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Ismail narrated to us. He said: Malik narrated to me, from Amr ibn Yahya al-Mazini, from his father, from Abu Sa'id al-Khudri (may Allah be pleased with him), from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), who said: ‘The people of Paradise will enter Paradise, and the people of the Fire will enter the Fire. Then Allah Most High will say: “Bring out whoever has in his heart faith weighing as much as a mustard seed.” They will be brought out of it, already blackened, and cast into the River of al-Haya—or al-Hayat; Malik was unsure. They will grow as a seed grows at the edge of a flood channel. Do you not see how it emerges yellow and twisted?’ Wuhayb said: Amr narrated to us, using ‘al-Hayat.’ He also said: ‘a mustard seed's weight of good.’
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The Arabic preserves Malik's uncertainty between al-Haya and al-Hayat, then records Wuhayb's wording as al-Hayat and a variant of ‘faith’ as ‘good.’ The English witness omits these final transmission variants.
شَكَّ مَالِكٌ
Malik reports uncertainty between the forms al-Haya and al-Hayat; a later transmission note favors al-Hayat, while another changes ‘faith’ to ‘good.’
Should the river name be rendered with a gloss for both transmitted forms, or retained as transliteration with the variants shown?
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Muhammad ibn Ubaydullah narrated to us. He said: Ibrahim ibn Sa'd narrated to us, from Salih, from Ibn Shihab, from Abu Umama ibn Sahl, who heard Abu Sa'id al-Khudri say: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: ‘While I was asleep, I saw people being shown to me. They wore shirts: some reached up to the breasts, and some were shorter than that. Umar ibn al-Khattab was shown to me wearing a shirt that he was dragging.’ They asked: ‘How do you interpret that, O Messenger of Allah?’ He replied: ‘Religion.’
Chapter 16
الْحَيَاءُ مِنَ الإِيمَانِ
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Abdullah ibn Yusuf narrated to us. He said: Malik ibn Anas informed us, from Ibn Shihab, from Salim ibn Abdullah, from his father, that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) passed by a man from the Ansar who was admonishing his brother about modesty. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: ‘Leave him, for modesty is part of faith.’
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The English witness adds a cross-reference that is not present in this Arabic passage.
Chapter 17
بَابُ: {فَإِنْ تَابُوا وَأَقَامُوا الصَّلاَةَ وَآتَوُا الزَّكَاةَ فَخَلُّوا سَبِيلَهُمْ}
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Abdullah ibn Muhammad al-Musnadi narrated to us. He said: Abu Ruh al-Harami ibn Umara narrated to us. He said: Shu'ba narrated to us, from Waqid ibn Muhammad, who said: I heard my father relate, from Ibn Umar, that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: ‘I have been commanded to fight the people until they bear witness that there is no deity but Allah and that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah, establish the prayer, and give zakat. If they do that, they have protected their blood and property from me, except by the right of Islam; and their reckoning is with Allah.’
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The English witness adds ‘by Allah’ to the command and describes the prayers and zakat with additional qualifications absent from this Arabic wording. The translation preserves the wording about fighting and its stated conditions without supplying a legal scope beyond this passage.
أَنْ أُقَاتِلَ النَّاسَ
This isolated wording does not itself establish the intended scope of ‘the people’ or its legal and historical limits.
What source context and qualified review should determine the scope of this wording before any interpretive or legal explanation is attached?
Chapter 18
مَنْ قَالَ إِنَّ الإِيمَانَ هُوَ الْعَمَلُ
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Ahmad ibn Yunus and Musa ibn Ismail narrated to us. They said: Ibrahim ibn Sa'd narrated to us. He said: Ibn Shihab narrated to us, from Sa'id ibn al-Musayyab, from Abu Hurayra: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) was asked, ‘Which deed is best?’ He replied: ‘Faith in Allah and His Messenger.’ It was asked: ‘Then what?’ He said: ‘Striving in the path of Allah.’ It was asked: ‘Then what?’ He said: ‘An accepted Hajj.’
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The English witness expands the final expression hajj mabrur into a definition involving intention, acceptance, and avoiding sin; those details are not stated in this Arabic passage.
Chapter 19
بَابُ إِذَا لَمْ يَكُنِ الإِسْلاَمُ عَلَى الْحَقِيقَةِ وَكَانَ عَلَى الاِسْتِسْلاَمِ أَوِ الْخَوْفِ مِنَ الْقَتْلِ
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Abu al-Yaman narrated to us. He said: Shu'ayb informed us, from al-Zuhri, who said: Amir ibn Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas informed me, from Sa'd (may Allah be pleased with him): The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) gave something to a group of people while Sa'd was sitting there. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) left out a man who was the one I admired most among them. I said: ‘O Messenger of Allah, why have you left out so-and-so? By Allah, I consider him a believer.’ He said: ‘Or a Muslim?’ I was quiet for a while, but what I knew of him overcame me, and I returned to what I had said: ‘Why have you left out so-and-so? By Allah, I consider him a believer.’ He said: ‘Or a Muslim?’ Then what I knew of him overcame me, and I returned to what I had said; the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) repeated his response. Then he said: ‘Sa'd, I give to a man while someone else is more beloved to me than he is, for fear that Allah might cast him into the Fire.’ Yunus, Salih, Ma'mar, and the nephew of al-Zuhri also transmitted it from al-Zuhri.
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The English witness specifies that the distribution was zakat and adds ‘on his face’ to the final image; neither detail appears in this Arabic wording.
أَوْ مُسْلِمًا
The Prophet's repeated question contrasts the narrator's description ‘believer’ with ‘Muslim,’ but this passage alone does not explain the intended distinction or rhetorical force.
Should an explanatory note clarify the contrast between ‘believer’ and ‘Muslim,’ or should the translation retain the brief question without interpretation?