When the Muslims arrived at Medina, they used to assemble for the prayer, and used to guess the time for it. During those days, the practice of Adhan for the prayers had not been introduced yet. Once they discussed this problem regarding the call for prayer. Some people suggested the use of a bell like the Christians, others proposed a trumpet like the horn used by the Jews, but `Umar was the first to suggest that a man should call (the people) for the prayer; so Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) ordered Bilal to get up and pronounce the Adhan for prayers.
Historical Context of the Adhan
This narration from Sahih al-Bukhari 604 describes the circumstances in Medina before the divine legislation of the Adhan. The Muslims faced difficulty in determining prayer times collectively, demonstrating the wisdom behind Allah's gradual revelation of Islamic practices.
Rejection of Non-Muslim Practices
The Prophet's companions considered using bells like Christians or trumpets like Jews, but these were rejected. This establishes the important Islamic principle of maintaining distinct religious identity and avoiding imitation of other faiths in worship.
Divine Wisdom in Selection
Umar's suggestion of a human caller was accepted by the Prophet through divine inspiration. The human voice carries meaning and spirituality unlike instruments, making the Adhan both a notification and spiritual reminder.
Bilal's Honor
The appointment of Bilal ibn Rabah, a former Abyssinian slave, as the first mu'adhdhin demonstrates Islam's meritocracy. His beautiful voice and strong faith made him ideal for this honored position, breaking pre-Islamic racial and social barriers.
Legal Rulings Derived
Scholars derive from this hadith that the Adhan is a confirmed Sunnah for five daily prayers in congregation. The human voice is the prescribed method, and the mu'adhdhin should have a strong, clear voice to reach the community effectively.