When the number of Muslims increased they discussed the question as to how to know the time for the prayer by some familiar means. Some suggested that a fire be lit (at the time of the prayer) and others put forward the proposal to ring the bell. Bilal was ordered to pronounce the wording of Adhan twice and of the Iqama once only.
Historical Context of the Adhan
This narration from Sahih al-Bukhari 606 describes the divine guidance that came to resolve the community's dilemma regarding prayer times. The Muslims sought a distinctive method that would distinguish them from other faith communities - neither the fire of the polytheists nor the bell of the Christians.
Divine Inspiration
Allah inspired the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) through a vision to Abdullah bin Zaid, who saw a man carrying a bell. When he expressed desire to purchase it for calling to prayer, the angel taught him the words of Adhan instead. The Prophet confirmed this as a true vision and instructed Bilal, who possessed the most beautiful voice, to call the Adhan.
Wisdom in the Wording
The Adhan begins with "Allahu Akbar" (Allah is Greatest) four times, establishing Tawheed as the foundation. The double testimony of faith emphasizes the core Islamic creed. The specific phrasing distinguishes Muslim practice while conveying essential theological truths to listeners.
Distinction Between Adhan and Iqama
The Adhan is called twice for each phrase to reach distant listeners, while Iqama is recited once as it addresses those already present in the mosque. This practical differentiation serves both the communal and spiritual purposes of the call to prayer.