Call to Prayers (Adhaan)

Sahih al-Bukhari 607

Hadith Text

Anas said, "Bilal was ordered to pronounce the wording of Adhan twice and of Iqama once only." The sub narrator Isma`il said, "I mentioned that to Aiyub and he added (to that), "Except Iqama (i.e. Qadqamat- is-salat which should be said twice)."

Commentary on the Adhan

This narration establishes the foundational principle that the Adhan (call to prayer) is to be recited in pairs - each phrase repeated twice. This repetition serves multiple purposes: it ensures the call reaches distant listeners, emphasizes the importance of the prayer announcement, and creates a rhythmic beauty that distinguishes the Islamic call to worship.

The wisdom behind this repetition is profound. The first recitation captures attention while the second allows for comprehension. This mirrors the divine method of repetition in the Qur'an for emphasis and understanding, as Allah says: "We have certainly sent down to you a Book in which is your mention. Then will you not reason?" (21:10)

Commentary on the Iqamah

The initial instruction for Iqamah (the second call immediately preceding prayer) was to recite each phrase once, except for "Qad qamat-is-salat" (Prayer is established), which maintains its dual repetition. This exception carries significant meaning - it emphasizes the imminent commencement of the prayer, alerting worshippers to immediately prepare themselves.

Scholars note that while the majority practice evolved to repeating all Iqamah phrases twice (except "Hayya 'ala al-falah" which remains once), this narration preserves the original sunnah. The flexibility in this matter reflects the Shariah's consideration for different circumstances and communities while maintaining the core objective: to gather Muslims for congregational prayer.

Historical Context

This command was given directly to Bilal ibn Rabah (may Allah be pleased with him), the first mu'adhdhin in Islam. His appointment and these specific instructions came through divine inspiration, as confirmed in authentic narrations where companions saw the Adhan in their dreams and the Prophet (peace be upon him) confirmed it as true vision.

The preservation of this teaching through multiple narrators - Anas, Isma'il, and Aiyub - demonstrates the meticulous care the companions and their students took in transmitting the Prophet's teachings exactly as they received them, including noting exceptions and clarifications.