When the Prophet, became ill in his fatal illness, Someone came to inform him about the prayer, and the Prophet (ﷺ) told him to tell Abu Bakr to lead the people in the prayer. I said, "Abu Bakr is a softhearted man and if he stands for the prayer in your place, he would weep and would not be able to recite the Qur'an." The Prophet (ﷺ) said, "Tell Abu Bakr to lead the prayer." I said the same as before. He (repeated the same order and) on the third or the fourth time he said, "You are the companions of Joseph. Tell Abu Bakr to lead the prayer." So Abu Bakr led the prayer and meanwhile the Prophet (ﷺ) felt better and came out with the help of two men; as if I see him just now dragging his feet on the ground. When Abu Bakr saw him, he tried to retreat but the Prophet (ﷺ) beckoned him to carry on. Abu Bakr retreated a bit and the Prophet (ﷺ) sat on his (left) side. Abu Bakr was repeating the Takbir (Allahu Akbar) of Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) for the people to hear.
Historical Context & Significance
This narration from Sahih al-Bukhari 712 captures the final illness of Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) and establishes Abu Bakr's leadership in prayer, symbolizing his future role as first caliph.
The Prophet's insistence despite Aisha's concerns demonstrates divine wisdom in establishing clear leadership succession during critical times.
Scholarly Commentary on "Companions of Joseph"
Classical scholars interpret "You are the companions of Joseph" as referring to those who persist in repeated requests, similar to Prophet Joseph's brothers who repeatedly approached the Egyptian ruler.
Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani explains this indicates the Prophet's gentle admonishment while acknowledging their sincere concern for his wellbeing and prayer quality.
Legal Rulings Derived
The incident establishes that a sick leader may appoint a deputy for congregational prayer, and the deputy should continue leading if the original imam arrives late.
Scholars derive that the praying congregation should follow the appointed imam even if a more qualified person joins later, maintaining prayer order and unity.
Spiritual Lessons
Abu Bakr's humility in attempting to retreat shows proper etiquette when someone of higher status arrives during prayer.
The Prophet sitting beside Abu Bakr while he continued leading demonstrates the balance between respecting positions and maintaining prayer continuity for the congregation's benefit.