Hadith Text & Context

The Prophet (ﷺ) said, "Straighten your rows for I see you from behind my back." Anas added, "Everyone of us used to put his shoulder with the shoulder of his companion and his foot with the foot of his companion."

Reference: Sahih al-Bukhari 725 | Book: Call to Prayers (Adhaan)

Scholarly Commentary

This hadith emphasizes the great importance of straightening rows (taswiyat as-sufuf) in congregational prayer, which is among the emphasized Sunnahs (sunan mu'akkadah) of prayer. The Prophet's statement "I see you from behind my back" indicates his spiritual vision and divine illumination, where Allah granted him perception beyond ordinary human capability.

The Companions' practice of aligning shoulders and feet demonstrates the perfection they sought in implementing the Prophet's command. This physical alignment symbolizes the unity, brotherhood, and discipline that should characterize the Muslim community.

Scholars explain that straightening rows completes the prayer's perfection and strengthens the spiritual connection between worshippers. Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani notes that this hadith proves the Prophet's unique status among creation, where Allah granted him knowledge of the unseen concerning his ummah's affairs.

Legal Rulings (Ahkam)

The majority of scholars consider straightening rows to be a confirmed Sunnah (Sunnah mu'akkadah), while some early scholars regarded it as obligatory (wajib).

Imam Ahmad and others emphasized that the imam should command the congregation to straighten rows before commencing prayer.

Proper alignment includes ensuring no gaps exist between worshippers, with shoulders and feet aligned evenly. This practice applies to both men's and women's prayers, though women form separate rows.

Spiritual Significance

The physical straightening of rows reflects the straightening of hearts toward Allah and unity among Muslims. It represents submission to divine command and harmony within the community.

Al-Nawawi comments that this hadith contains encouragement toward perfection in worship and attention to details that please Allah and complete the prayer's reward.