Exposition of the Prophet's Noble Character

The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) was distinguished by his impeccable character, abstaining from foul speech and intentional evil. His prohibition of insulting talk (sabb) and malicious speech underscores the Islamic emphasis on guarding the tongue. The most beloved to him were those with superior character, indicating that spiritual excellence is measured by moral conduct rather than mere ritual observance.

Excellence in Qur'anic Instruction

The Prophet specifically designated four companions for Qur'anic instruction: Abdullah bin Mas'ud, Salim (freed slave of Abu Hudhaifa), Ubai bin Ka'b, and Mu'adh bin Jabal. This selection demonstrates that knowledge is not restricted by lineage or social status, as Salim was a freed slave. These individuals were chosen for their profound understanding, accurate recitation, and ability to convey the Qur'an's meanings correctly.

Scholars note that each of these companions possessed unique excellence: Ibn Mas'ud in comprehension, Salim in purity of recitation, Ubai in knowledge of abrogated verses, and Mu'adh in legal understanding. Their collective expertise covered the essential aspects of Qur'anic sciences, making them ideal teachers for the Muslim community.

Legal and Spiritual Implications

This narration establishes several important principles: the obligation to learn Qur'an from qualified teachers, the permissibility of learning from multiple sources, and the recognition of knowledge-based merit over worldly status. The Prophet's emphasis on character alongside Qur'anic knowledge indicates that proper religious education must cultivate both external knowledge and internal refinement.