While we were at Adharbijan, `Umar wrote to us: 'Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) forbade wearing silk except this much. Then the Prophet (ﷺ) approximated his two fingers (index and middle fingers) (to illustrate that) to us.' Zuhair (the sub-narrator) raised up his middle and index fingers.
Hadith Text & Context
This narration from Sahih al-Bukhari 5829 in the Book of Dress describes a prohibition transmitted by Caliph Umar ibn al-Khattab while his companions were stationed in Adharbijan (modern Azerbaijan).
The Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) prohibited wearing silk garments except for a small amount, which he demonstrated by bringing his index and middle fingers together to indicate the permitted quantity.
Scholarly Commentary on the Prohibition
Classical scholars explain that silk is fundamentally forbidden for Muslim men due to its luxurious nature and association with feminine attire. This prohibition stems from the Quranic principle of maintaining distinct gender identities and avoiding extravagance.
Imam al-Nawawi states in his commentary that the original ruling is complete prohibition, with this hadith providing the sole exception for a small amount used for necessary purposes.
The Permitted Exception
The gesture with two fingers indicates that a small strip or patch of silk is permissible when necessary. Scholars interpret this as allowing silk for medical purposes (like bandages), decorative trim on garments, or in military insignia.
The amount is generally understood to be the width of four fingers, as this is what naturally fits between the two fingers when brought together as described.
Legal Rulings & Applications
According to Hanafi, Maliki, Shafi'i and Hanbali schools, this prohibition applies exclusively to men. Women are permitted to wear silk in its entirety as it is considered part of their natural adornment.
Scholars emphasize that the exception applies only to genuine necessity, not mere preference. The primary wisdom behind this ruling is to cultivate humility and avoid ostentation among Muslim men.