Exegesis of the Prophetic Tradition on Fitra

This noble hadith from Sahih al-Bukhari (5889) enumerates five acts inherent to human nature (fitra) as ordained by divine wisdom. The term "fitra" signifies the primordial disposition with which Allah created humanity, aligning with the natural state that pleases our Lord.

The Five Characteristics Explained

Circumcision: Scholars affirm this as a symbol of submission to Allah's command, purifying the body and facilitating cleanliness. It represents the covenant between the believer and the Creator, tracing back to the tradition of Prophet Ibrahim (AS).

Shaving the Pubic Region: This practice maintains bodily purity and prevents accumulation of impurities that invalidate prayer. The scholars recommend its removal at least every forty days to uphold Islamic hygiene standards.

Clipping the Nails: Long nails harbor impurities and contradict the natural cleanliness Islam enjoins. The wise legislation commands their trimming to preserve both physical and spiritual purity.

Cutting the Moustaches Short: Imam Malik and other jurists emphasize that this distinguishes Muslims from polytheists and promotes cleanliness. Letting the moustache grow long resembles non-Muslim practices and accumulates food particles.

Removing Armpit Hair: Though not explicitly mentioned in this narration, other authentic traditions complete the list with this fifth characteristic, serving similar purposes of hygiene and distinction.

Juridical Rulings and Wisdom

The majority of scholars consider these acts highly recommended (mustahabb), though some regard circumcision as obligatory for males. The underlying wisdom combines physical cleanliness with spiritual purification, creating outward distinction for believers while cultivating inward consciousness of Allah's commands.