I heard the Prophet (ﷺ) saying. "Five practices are characteristics of the Fitra: circumcision, shaving the pubic hair, cutting the moustaches short, clipping the nails, and depilating the hair of the armpits."
The Meaning of Fitra
The term "Fitra" refers to the primordial nature upon which Allah created humanity, encompassing both innate disposition and the natural state of purity. These five practices align human beings with their original, pure creation and distinguish them from the ways of Satan and the polytheists.
Circumcision (Khitan)
Circumcision is the foremost characteristic of Fitra, serving both hygienic and religious purposes. It represents the covenant with Allah and follows the tradition of Prophet Ibrahim (AS). For males, it involves removing the foreskin, while for females it refers to a minimal excision of the prepuce. Scholars consider it obligatory for males and recommended for females.
Shaving Pubic Hair
This practice maintains bodily cleanliness and prevents accumulation of impurities. Scholars differ on the preferred method - some recommend shaving, while others permit plucking or using depilatory creams. The essential requirement is regular removal, with most scholars suggesting a maximum interval of forty days.
Trimming the Moustache
The Prophet (ﷺ) commanded trimming the moustache to distinguish Muslims from polytheists who used to grow them long. Scholars interpret "cutting short" as removing whatever extends beyond the lip line. This practice should be distinguished from completely shaving the moustache, which some scholars discourage.
Clipping the Nails
Regular nail clipping prevents accumulation of dirt and impurities that could invalidate ablution. Scholars recommend beginning with the right hand, then left hand, then right foot, then left foot. The preferred sequence starts with the index finger and proceeds to the little finger, then the thumb.
Removing Armpit Hair
This practice eliminates sources of unpleasant odor and maintains personal hygiene. Most scholars recommend plucking as the preferred method, though shaving is also permissible. Like pubic hair removal, it should be done regularly, not exceeding forty days according to most opinions.
Legal Rulings and Timing
The majority of scholars consider these practices collectively obligatory, though they differ on individual rulings. The recommended time for performing them is before the Friday prayer. There's no specific order required, though some scholars recommend following the sequence mentioned in the hadith.
Spiritual Significance
Beyond physical cleanliness, these practices cultivate spiritual purity, discipline the soul, and strengthen one's connection to the prophetic tradition. They serve as constant reminders of one's commitment to Islamic teachings and help maintain the distinctive character of the Muslim community.