The Prophet (p.b.u.h) said, "Whoever takes a bath on Friday, purifies himself as much as he can, then uses his (hair) oil or perfumes himself with the scent of his house, then proceeds (for the Jumua prayer) and does not separate two persons sitting together (in the mosque), then prays as much as (Allah has) written for him and then remains silent while the Imam is delivering the Khutba, his sins in-between the present and the last Friday would be forgiven."
The Excellence of Friday Bath
The command to perform ghusl (ritual bath) on Friday is established by this hadith and other authentic narrations. Scholars differ whether this is obligatory (wajib) or strongly recommended (sunnah mu'akkadah). The majority hold it to be sunnah, though some early scholars considered it obligatory. The wisdom behind this purification is to prepare oneself physically and spiritually for the congregational prayer.
Purification and Adornment
"Purifies himself as much as he can" indicates performing wudu perfectly and removing physical impurities. The instruction to use hair oil or perfume demonstrates the importance of presenting oneself in the best manner when attending the mosque. This reflects the dignity and honor due to the Friday congregation and the sacredness of the mosque.
Proceeding to Prayer
The phrase "then proceeds" emphasizes going to the mosque with tranquility and reverence, not rushing or being hasty. One should walk with humility and remembrance of Allah, anticipating the spiritual rewards of the Friday prayer.
Mosque Etiquette
"Does not separate two persons sitting together" teaches important mosque manners. Creating gaps or disturbances in the congregation is prohibited as it causes discomfort and disrupts the unity of the rows. One should sit where space is available without pushing between people.
Voluntary Prayers
"Prays as much as (Allah has) written for him" refers to performing the supererogatory prayers before the khutbah begins. Scholars mention that these voluntary prayers have great merit and are a means of drawing closer to Allah while waiting for the formal prayer to commence.
Listening to the Khutbah
Remaining silent during the khutbah is obligatory according to scholarly consensus. Speaking during the sermon invalidates one's Friday prayer according to many scholars. Complete attention to the Imam's words is required, as the khutbah contains reminders and guidance essential for spiritual development.
The Great Reward
The forgiveness of sins between the current and previous Friday is a tremendous mercy from Allah. This applies to minor sins, as major sins require specific repentance. This reward demonstrates the immense spiritual significance of properly observing the Friday prayer with all its etiquettes.