Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) owed a man some debt (and that man demanded it very harshly). The companions of the Prophet (ﷺ) wanted to harm him, but the Prophet (ﷺ) said to them, "Leave him, as the creditor has the right to speak harshly." He then added, "Buy (a camel) of the same age and give it to him." They said, "We cannot get except a camel of an older age than that of his." He said, "Buy it and give it to him, as the best amongst you is he who pays back his debt in the most handsome way.'
The Excellence in Debt Repayment
This noble hadith from Sahih al-Bukhari (2606) establishes profound principles of Islamic financial ethics. The Prophet's conduct demonstrates that creditors possess legitimate rights to demand repayment, even if expressed with some harshness. This recognition preserves the creditor's dignity while maintaining social harmony.
Scholarly Commentary on Rights and Responsibilities
The scholars explain that the creditor's right to repayment is sacred in Islam. The Prophet's instruction to "leave him" indicates that creditors may rightfully press for their dues without being subjected to intimidation or harm from the debtor's associates.
When the companions found only superior camels available, the Prophet's directive to provide a better replacement exemplifies the Islamic principle of going beyond mere obligation in fulfilling rights. This transforms a financial transaction into an act of worship.
The Principle of Ihsan in Financial Dealings
The concluding statement "the best amongst you is he who pays back his debt in the most handsome way" establishes the virtue of ihsan (excellence) in all transactions. Classical commentators emphasize that this includes repaying debts promptly, with gratitude, and when possible, with added benefit to the creditor.
This teaching elevates financial obligations from mere legal requirements to opportunities for spiritual growth, where Muslims demonstrate their piety through exemplary conduct in worldly matters.