The Prophet (ﷺ) said, " If anyone of you sneezes, he should say 'Al-Hamduli l-lah' (Praise be to Allah), and his (Muslim) brother or companion should say to him, 'Yar-hamuka-l-lah' (May Allah bestow his Mercy on you). When the latter says 'Yar-hamuka-llah", the former should say, 'Yahdikumul-lah wa Yuslih balakum' (May Allah give you guidance and improve your condition).
The Etiquette of Sneezing and Responding
This hadith from Sahih al-Bukhari 6224 establishes the proper Islamic manners (Al-Adab) regarding sneezing and the subsequent exchange of prayers between Muslims.
The Sneezer's Obligation
When a Muslim sneezes, they must immediately praise Allah by saying "Al-Hamdulillah" (All praise is due to Allah). This acknowledges that sneezing brings relief and is a natural bodily function created by Allah.
The praise must be audible so nearby Muslims can hear and respond appropriately. This expression of gratitude recognizes Allah's blessings in the relief experienced after sneezing.
The Companion's Response
Those who hear the sneeze and subsequent praise must respond with "Yarhamukallah" (May Allah have mercy upon you). This is a collective obligation (fard kifayah) upon those who hear the sneeze.
This response contains a beautiful prayer for the sneezer's spiritual and physical well-being, as mercy encompasses all forms of goodness and protection from harm.
The Final Prayer
After receiving the prayer for mercy, the sneezer responds with "Yahdikumullah wa Yuslih balakum" (May Allah guide you and set your affairs in order).
This reciprocal prayer demonstrates mutual care and concern among believers. The prayer for guidance is the greatest blessing one Muslim can ask for another, while the prayer for rectification of affairs covers all worldly and religious matters.
Scholarly Insights
Scholars note that this etiquette applies only to sneezing, as it brings relief, unlike yawning which indicates laziness and requires covering the mouth.
The exchange strengthens brotherhood, teaches gratitude, and maintains constant remembrance of Allah in daily activities. It transforms a natural bodily function into an act of worship and mutual prayer.