Hadith Commentary: The Virtue of Caring for Daughters

This noble narration from Sahih al-Bukhari (5995) in the Book of Good Manners and Form (Al-Adab) demonstrates the immense reward for those who care for daughters with kindness and generosity. The Prophet's wife 'Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) recounts this incident to highlight the virtue of compassion toward female children.

Scholarly Analysis

The single date given by 'Aisha, despite her own poverty, exemplifies the Islamic principle of giving what one can, however small. The mother's division of the date between her two daughters shows proper maternal care and justice in distribution.

The Prophet's declaration that caring for daughters serves as protection from Hellfire indicates the tremendous spiritual weight of this responsibility. Scholars explain that this protection applies to both parents and guardians who fulfill their duties toward female dependents with excellence (ihsan).

Historical Context and Significance

In pre-Islamic Arabia, female infanticide was common, and daughters were often viewed as burdens. This hadith revolutionized societal attitudes by elevating the status of daughters and making their care a means of divine protection.

Classical commentators note that the phrase "treats them generously" encompasses providing for their physical needs, emotional well-being, religious education, and protecting their honor - all aspects of comprehensive care that lead to the promised reward.

Practical Application

This teaching encourages Muslims to overcome any cultural prejudices against daughters and to see them as blessings and opportunities for spiritual advancement. The shield from Hellfire is earned through consistent, compassionate care throughout their upbringing until marriage and beyond when needed.