Hadith Text

The Prophet (ﷺ) said, "Whoever believes in Allah and the Last Day, should not hurt his neighbor and whoever believes in Allah and the Last Day, should serve his guest generously and whoever believes in Allah and the Last Day, should speak what is good or keep silent."

Scholarly Commentary

This noble hadith from Sahih al-Bukhari establishes three fundamental pillars of Islamic conduct that are inseparable from genuine faith. The repetition of "whoever believes in Allah and the Last Day" emphasizes that these are not mere recommendations but essential manifestations of true faith.

The first injunction concerns neighborly rights. Scholars explain that harming one's neighbor - whether through speech, action, or even causing annoyance - contradicts the spirit of faith. The comprehensive nature of "hurt" includes physical harm, verbal abuse, envy, and neglecting their needs when one has the means to help.

The second teaching addresses hospitality. Generosity to guests reflects trust in Allah's provision and demonstrates the social responsibility inherent in faith. Classical commentators specify that guest rights include welcoming reception, suitable accommodation, and provision of food for three days.

The final instruction governs speech. The believer must either speak beneficially or maintain silence. This encompasses avoiding falsehood, backbiting, slander, and vain talk while encouraging truthful, constructive speech that pleases Allah. Silence is prescribed when speech would bring no benefit or potentially cause harm.

Spiritual Significance

These three injunctions collectively address one's relationship with society (neighbors), strangers (guests), and one's own self (speech). They demonstrate that Islamic faith encompasses both vertical devotion to Allah and horizontal responsibility toward creation.

The interconnection between correct belief and righteous action is central to understanding this hadith. True faith necessarily produces these ethical fruits, making them indicators of the quality and authenticity of one's belief in Allah and the Hereafter.