A dead person was brought to the Prophet (ﷺ) so that he might lead the funeral prayer for him. He asked, "Is he in debt?" When the people replied in the negative, he led the funeral prayer. Another dead person was brought and he asked, "Is he in debt?" They said, "Yes." He (refused to lead the prayer and) said, "Lead the prayer of your friend." Abu Qatada said, "O Allah's Messenger (ﷺ)! I undertake to pay his debt." Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) then led his funeral prayer.
Exposition of the Hadith on Debt Responsibility
This narration from Sahih al-Bukhari (2295) demonstrates the profound Islamic concern for financial rights and obligations. The Prophet's refusal to pray over indebted individuals underscores that debt constitutes a sacred trust that must be settled before one meets their Lord.
Scholarly Commentary on Financial Responsibility
The scholars explain that debt represents a right owed to another human being, which takes precedence over mere devotional acts. The soul remains accountable until all worldly obligations are discharged.
Imam al-Nawawi comments that this hadith establishes the collective responsibility of the Muslim community to assist in settling the debts of deceased members when possible.
Legal Rulings Derived
The fuqaha' derive from this that funeral prayers may be delayed until debts are settled, emphasizing the gravity of financial obligations in Islamic law.
The acceptance of Abu Qatada's undertaking demonstrates the permissibility of third-party debt assumption, providing a mechanism for community support in fulfilling this crucial religious duty.
Spiritual Implications
This teaching reminds believers that financial integrity forms an essential part of one's spiritual journey. The Prophet's concern for debt settlement reflects the comprehensive nature of Islamic teachings encompassing both worldly and spiritual matters.