I heard Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) saying, "Everyone of you is a guardian, and responsible for what is in his custody. The ruler is a guardian of his subjects and responsible for them; a husband is a guardian of his family and is responsible for it; a lady is a guardian of her husband's house and is responsible for it, and a servant is a guardian of his master's property and is responsible for it." I heard that from Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) and I think that the Prophet (ﷺ) also said, "A man is a guardian of is father's property and is responsible for it, so all of you are guardians and responsible for your wards and things under your care."
Hadith on Guardianship and Responsibility
This profound hadith from Sahih al-Bukhari (2409) establishes the Islamic principle of universal responsibility (mas'uliyyah) and guardianship (ri'ayah). The Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) systematically outlines how every individual bears responsibility according to their position in society.
Scholarly Commentary on Leadership Roles
The ruler's guardianship extends to implementing divine law, ensuring justice, protecting citizens' rights, and managing public affairs according to Islamic principles. This includes proper administration of public funds and fair governance.
The husband's guardianship involves providing spiritual guidance, material sustenance, emotional support, and religious education for his family while maintaining an environment conducive to Islamic living.
Commentary on Domestic and Economic Responsibilities
The wife's guardianship of her husband's house encompasses preserving family honor, managing household affairs efficiently, safeguarding property, and maintaining the Islamic character of the home environment.
The servant's responsibility toward his master's property requires honesty in handling assets, proper maintenance, and avoiding waste or negligence - principles that extend to modern employment relationships.
Legal and Ethical Implications
This hadith forms the foundation of Islamic fiduciary law, particularly relevant to the book "Loans, Payment of Loans, Freezing of Property, Bankruptcy" as it establishes the ethical framework for financial guardianship.
The comprehensive nature of this responsibility requires accountability before Allah for all entrusted matters, creating a society where each member conscientiously fulfills their duties according to Islamic teachings.