A man demanded his debts from Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) in such a rude manner that the companions of the Prophet intended to harm him, but the Prophet (ﷺ) said, "Leave him, no doubt, for he (the creditor) has the right to demand it (harshly). Buy a camel and give it to him." They said, "The camel that is available is older than the camel he demands. "The Prophet (ﷺ) said, "Buy it and give it to him, for the best among you are those who repay their debts handsomely. "
Exegesis of Hadith on Debt Repayment
This narration from Sahih al-Bukhari (2390) demonstrates profound Islamic principles regarding financial obligations and interpersonal conduct. The creditor's harsh demand, while improper in etiquette, did not invalidate his legitimate right to repayment.
Legal and Ethical Dimensions
The Prophet's instruction to purchase a superior camel than what was owed establishes the Islamic principle of "handsome repayment" (ahsan al-qadā). This transcends mere legal obligation, encouraging believers to exceed minimum requirements in settling debts.
The companions' restraint despite the creditor's impropriety illustrates the sanctity of contractual rights in Islam. Even when claimants behave poorly, their substantive rights remain inviolable.
Scholarly Commentary
Classical scholars emphasize that debt repayment takes precedence over voluntary acts of worship, as the Prophet prioritized settling this obligation. The incident also demonstrates that creditors may rightfully demand payment, though gentle conduct is preferred.
The ruling to provide a better camel than required establishes the recommended practice of exceeding contractual terms when capable, fostering goodwill and strengthening social bonds.