A man came to the Prophet (ﷺ) and demanded a camel (the Prophet (ﷺ) owed him). Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) told his companions to give him (a camel). They said, "We do not find except an older camel (than what he demands). (The Prophet (ﷺ) ordered them to give him that camel). The man said, "You have paid me in full and may Allah also pay you in full." Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said, "Give him, for the best amongst the people is he who repays his debts in the most handsome manner."
Hadith Text & Context
This narration from Sahih al-Bukhari 2392 demonstrates the Islamic emphasis on fulfilling financial obligations with excellence. The Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ), despite being owed a debt, instructs his companions to repay with a camel superior to what was owed.
Scholarly Commentary on Repayment Excellence
Imam Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani explains in Fath al-Bari that the Prophet's instruction to give a better camel demonstrates "ihsan" (excellence) in financial transactions. This transcends mere legal obligation, embodying the higher Islamic ethic of generosity in debt settlement.
Classical scholars note that while Shariah requires repayment of equivalent value, the sunnah encourages exceeding expectations when possible. This act transforms a financial transaction into an act of worship, earning divine reward.
Legal & Ethical Dimensions
Islamic jurisprudence distinguishes between "wajib" (obligatory) debt repayment and "mustahabb" (recommended) excellence in fulfillment. The Prophet's statement "best amongst the people" indicates spiritual merit beyond legal requirement.
Scholars emphasize that the debtor's prayer for the creditor ("may Allah pay you in full") demonstrates the reciprocal blessings in ethical financial conduct. This creates social harmony and trust within the Muslim community.
Practical Applications
This hadith establishes principles for modern financial dealings: repaying debts promptly, offering better terms when possible, and maintaining good relations with creditors. It forms the basis for Islamic banking ethics regarding debt settlement.
The narration also illustrates the Prophet's impeccable character in business matters, serving as a model for Muslims in all financial engagements, particularly in the book "Loans, Payment of Loans, Freezing of Property, Bankruptcy".