A bedouin went to the Prophet (ﷺ) and asked him about picking up a lost thing. The Prophet (ﷺ) said, "Make public announcement about it for one year. Remember the description of its container and the string with which it is tied; and if somebody comes and claims it and describes it correctly, (give it to him); otherwise, utilize it." He said, "O Allah's Messenger (ﷺ)! What about a lost sheep?" The Prophet (ﷺ) said, "It is for you, for your brother (i.e. its owner), or for the wolf." He further asked, "What about a lost camel?" On that the face of the Prophet (ﷺ) became red (with anger) and said, "You have nothing to do with it, as it has its feet, its water reserve and can reach places of water and drink, and eat trees."
Lost Things Picked up by Someone (Luqatah)
Sahih al-Bukhari 2427
Context and Significance
This hadith establishes the Islamic legal framework for found property (luqatah), demonstrating the Prophet's wisdom in differentiating rulings based on the nature of the lost item and its likelihood of survival without human intervention.
Scholarly Commentary on General Lost Property
The Prophet's instruction to announce found items for one year reflects the principle of safeguarding others' property. The requirement to remember specific details ensures proper identification by legitimate owners. After the waiting period, the finder may use the item, though scholars differ on whether this constitutes ownership or custodianship.
Lost Sheep Ruling
Sheep cannot survive long unattended and are vulnerable to predators. The ruling "for you, your brother, or the wolf" indicates immediate custody is necessary to prevent loss. The finder should care for it while seeking its owner, reflecting the balance between protecting property and preventing waste.
Lost Camel Ruling
The Prophet's anger stems from the inappropriate question about camels, which can survive independently with their natural adaptations. Taking such an animal would constitute unlawful appropriation since it doesn't need human protection. This demonstrates Islam's precision in legislation according to circumstances.
Legal Principles Derived
1. Found property requires public announcement
2. Rulings vary based on the item's nature and survival capacity
3. The primary concern is returning property to its rightful owner
4. Islamic law prohibits taking what doesn't genuinely need protection
5. The Prophet's reactions teach appropriate questioning and understanding of wisdom behind rulings