Purity

Yahya related to me from Malik from Hisham ibn Urwa that Zuyaydibn as-Salt said, "I went with Umar ibn al-Khattab to Juruf and helooked down and noticed that he had had a wet dream and had prayedwithout doing ghusl. He exclaimed, 'By Allah I realise that I have hada wet dream and did not know it and have not done ghusl.' So he didghusl and washed off whatever he saw on his garment, and sprinkledwith water whatever he did not see.Then he gave the adhan or the iqamaand prayed in the midmorning."

Yahya related to me from Malik from Ismail ibn Abi Hakim fromSulayman ibn Yasar that Umar ibn al-Khattab went out early in themorning to his land in al-Juruf and found semen on his garment. Hesaid, "I have been tried with wet dreams since I have been entrustedwith governing the people." He did ghusl and washed his garment ofwhat he saw of the semen, and then prayed after the sun had risen.

Yahya related to me from Malik from Yahya ibn Said from Sulaymanibn Yasar that Umar ibn al-Khattab led the people in the subh prayerand then went out to his land in Juruf and found semen on his clothes.He said, "Since we have been eating rich meat our veins have becomefulsome." He did ghusl, washed the semen from his clothing, and didhis prayer again.

Yahya related to me from Malik from Hisham ibn Urwa from hisfather fromYahyaibn Abd ar-Rahman ibn Ha ib that he had set off forMumra with Umar ibn al-Khattab in a party of riders, among whom wasAmr ibn al-As. Umar ibn al-Khattab dismounted for a rest late at nighton a certain road near a certain oasis. Umar had a wet dream when itwas almost dawn and there was no water among the riding party. He rodeuntil he came to some water and then he began to wash off what he sawof the semen until it had gone. Amr ibn al-As said to him, "It ismorning and there are clothes with us, so allow your garment to bewashed. ''Umar ibn al-Khattab said to him, "I am surprised at you, Amribn al-As! Even if you could find clothes, would everybody be able tofind them? By Allah, if I were to do it, it would become a sunna. No,I wash what I see, and I sprinkle with water what I do not see."

Malik spoke about a man who found traces of a wet dream on hisclothes and did not know when it had occurred and did not rememberanything he had seen in his sleep. He said, "Let the intention of hisghusl be from the time when he last slept, and if he has prayed sincethat last sleep he should repeat it. This is because often a man has awet dream and sees nothing, and often he sees something but does nothave an emission. But, if he finds liquid on his garment he must doghusl. This is because Umar repeated what he had prayed after the timehe had last slept and not what was before it."

Yahya related to me from Malik from Ibn Shihab from Urwa ibn az-Zubayr that Umm Sulayman said to the Messenger of Allah, may Allahbless him and grant him peace, "Should a woman do ghusl when sheexperiences the same as a man in her sleep?" The Messenger of Al lahsaid to her, "Yes, she should do ghusl. "A'isha said to her, "Shame onyou! Does a woman see that?" (i.e. a liquid.) The Messenger of Allah,may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said to her, "May your righthand be full of dust. From where does family resemblance come?"

Yahya related to me from Malik from Hisham ibn Urwa from hisfather from Zaynab bint Abi Salama that Umm Salama, the wife of theProphet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Umm Salama,the wife of Abu Talha al-Ansari, came to the Messenger of Allah, mayAllah bless him and grant him peace, and said, 'Messenger of Allah!Allah is not ashamed of the truth-does a woman have to do ghusl if shehas had an erotic dream?' He said, 'Yes, if she sees any liquid.' "

Yahya related to me from Malik from Nafi that Abdullah ibn Umarused to say, "There is no harm in doing ghusl with water that has beenused by one's wife as long as she is not menstruating or in a state ofmajor ritual impurity (junub)."

Yahya related to me from Malik from Nafi that Abdullah ibn Umarused to sweat in a garment while he was junub and then pray with iton.

Yahya related to me from Malik from Nafi that the slave girls ofAbdullah ibn Umar used to wash his feet and bring him a mat of palmleaves while they were menstruating.

Malik was asked whethera man who had women and slavegirlscould have intercourse with all ofthem before he did ghusl. He said, "There is no harm in a man havingintercourse with two of his slave girls before he does ghusl. It isdisapproved of, however, to go to a freewoman on another's day. Thereis no harm in making love first to one slave girl and then to anotherwhen one is junub."

Malik was asked about a man who was junuband water was put down for him to do ghusl with.Then he forgot and puthis finger into it to find out whether it was hot or cold. Malik said,"If no filth has soiled his fingers, I do not consider that that makesthe water impure."

Yahya related to me from Malik from Abd arRahman ibn al-Qasimfrom his father that A'isha umm al-muminin said, "We went out on ajourney with the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant himpeace, and, when we came to Bayda' or Dhat al-Jaysh, a necklace ofmine broke. The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant himpeace, stopped to look for it and the people stopped with him. Therewas no water nearby and the people were not carrying any with them, sothey came to Abu Bakr as-Siddiq and said, 'Don't you see what A'ishahas done? She has made the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him andgrant him peace, and the people stop when there is no water nearby andthey are not carrying any with them.' "

A'isha continued,"Abu Bakr came and the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him andgrant him peace, had fallen asleep with his head on my thigh . AbuBakr said, 'You have made the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless himand grant him peace, and the people stop when there is no water nearbyand they are not carrying any with them ' "

She continued,"Abu Bakr remonstrated with me and said whatever Allah willed him tosay, and began to poke me in the waist. The only thing that stopped mefrom moving was that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him andgrant him peace, had his head on my thigh. The Messenger of Allah, mayAllah bless him and grant him peace, slept until morning found himwith no water. Allah, the Blessed and Exalted, sent down the ayat oftayammum and so they did tayammum. Usayd ibn Hudayr said, 'This is notthe first baraka from you, O family of Abu Bakr.'"

A'ishaadded, "We roused the camel I had been on and found the necklace underit."

Malik was asked whether a man who did tayammum for oneprayer should do tayammum when the time of the next prayer came orwhether the first tayammum was enough. He said, "No, he does tayammumfor every prayer, because he has to look for water for every prayer.If he looks for it and does not find it then he does tayammum."

Malik was asked whether a man who did tayammum could lead othersin prayer if they were in wudu. He said, "I prefer that someone elseshould lead them. However, I see no harm in it if he does lead them inprayer."

Yahya said that Malik said that a man who didtayammum because he could not find any water, and then stood and saidthe takbir and entered into the prayer, and then someone came withsome water, did not stop his prayer but completed it with tayammum anddid wudu for future prayers.

Yahya said that Malik said,"Whoever rises for prayer and does not find water and so does whatAllah has ordered him to do of tayammum has obeyed Allah. Someone whodoes find water is neither purer than him nor more perfect in prayer,because both have been commanded and each does as Allah has commanded.What Allah has commanded as far as wudu is concerned is for the onewho finds water, and tayammum is for the one who does not find waterbefore he enters into the prayer."

Malik said that a man whowas in a state of major ritual impurity could do tayammum and read hisportion of Qur'an and do voluntary prayers as long as he did not findany water. This applied only to circumstances in which it wasallowable to pray with tayammum.

Yahya related to me from Malik from Nafi that Abdullah ibn Umarand he were approaching Juruf. When they got to Mirbad, Abdullah gotdown and did tayammum with some good earth. He wiped his face, and hisarms to the elbows, and then prayed.

Yahya related to me from Malik from Nafi that Abdullah ibn Umarused to do tayammum up to his elbows.

Malik was asked abouthow tayammum was done and what parts were covered and he said, "Strikethe ground once for the face and once for the arms and wipe them tothe elbows."

Yahya related to me from Malik from Abd arRahman ibn Harmala thata man asked Said ibn al-Musayyab about what a man who was junub andhad done tayammum should do when he came across water. Said said,"When he comes across water he must do ghusl for what comes after."

Malik said about some one who had a wet dream while he was ona journey and there was only enough water for wudu and he was notthirsty and so he did not need to use it for that, "Let him wash hisgenitals, and whatever the semen has fallen on, with the water andthen he does tayammum with good earth as Allah has ordered him."

Malik was asked whether a man who was junub and wished to dotayammum but could only find salty earth could do tayammum with thatearth, and whether it was disapproved of to pray on salty earth. Hesaid, "There is no harm in praying on salty earth or in using it to dotayammum, because Allah the Blessed and Exalted has said, '...and dotayammum with good earth.' One is purified by tayammum with everythingthat is earth, whether it is salty or otherwise."

Yahya related to me from Malik from Zayd ibn Aslam that a manquestioned the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant himpeace, saying, "What is permitted me from my wife when she ismenstruating?" The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and granthim peace, said, "Let her wrap her waist-wrapper round herselftightly, and then what is above that is your concern."

Yahya related to me from Malik from Rabia ibn Abi Abd ar-Rahmanthat on one occasion A'isha, the wife of the Prophet, may Allah blesshim and grant him peace, was sleeping with the Messenger of Allah, mayAllah bless him and grant him peace, in one garment, when suddenly shejumped up sharply. The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him andgrant him peace, said to her, "What's the matter with you? Are youlosing blood?", meaning menstruating. She said, "Yes." He said, "Wrapyour waist-wrapper tightly about you, and return to your sleeping-place."

Yahya related to me from Malik from Nafi that Ubaydullah ibnAbdullah ibn Umar sent a question to A'isha asking her, "May a manfondle his wife when she is menstruating?" She replied, "Let her wrapher waist-wrapper around her lower part and then he may fondle her ifhe wishes."

Yahya related to me from Malik that he had heard that Salim ibnAbdullah and Sulayman ibn Yasar were asked whether the husband of amenstruating woman could have sexual intercourse with her when she sawthat she was pure but before she had had a ghusl. They said, "No, notuntil she has had a ghusl."

Yahya related to me from Malik from AIqama ibn Abi AIqama thathis mother, the mawla of A'isha, umm al-muminin, said, "Women used tosend little boxes to A'isha, umm al-muminin, with a piece of cottoncloth in each one on which was yellowness from menstrual blood, askingher about the prayer. She said to them, 'Do not be hasty until you seea white discharge." By that she meant purity from menses.

Yahya related to me from Malik from Abdullah ibn Abi Bakr fromhis paternal aunt from the daughter of Zayd ibn Thabit that she hadheard that women used to ask for lamps in the middle of the night tocheck their purity. She would criticise them for this saying, "Womennever used to do this," i.e. in the time of the companions.

Malik was asked whether a woman whose period had finished coulddo tayammum to purify herself if she could not find waterand he said,"Yes, because she is like some one in a state of major ritualimpurity, who, if he cannot find water, does tayammum."

Yahya related to me from Malik that he had heard that A'isha, thewife of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, saidthat a pregnant woman who noticed bleeding left off from prayer.