to return a salutation, visit the sick, follow funerals, accept an invitation and say ‘God have mercy on you’ when one sneezes.”(Bukhari and Muslim.)
Commentary on the Five Rights of Muslims
This noble hadith from Sahih al-Bukhari and Sahih Muslim enumerates five fundamental rights that Muslims owe to one another, establishing the framework for communal solidarity and brotherhood in Islam.
Returning the Salutation (As-Salam)
The obligation to return the Islamic greeting "As-salamu alaykum" is a divine command establishing peace and removing enmity between hearts. Scholars note this is wajib (obligatory) upon the recipient, fulfilling the Quranic injunction "When you are greeted with a greeting, greet in return with what is better than it, or return it equally" (4:86).
Visiting the Sick
This act embodies the mercy and compassion central to Islamic teachings. The jurists classify it as fard kifayah (communal obligation). The visitor should offer supplications, provide comfort, and remind the patient of reward in affliction. The Prophet (peace be upon him) said: "A Muslim visiting his sick brother will remain in the orchards of Paradise until he returns."
Following Funerals
As documented in Mishkat al-Masabih 1524 under the book "Funerals," accompanying the funeral procession and praying Janazah are collective duties. Scholars emphasize this final service to a deceased Muslim earns immense reward and serves as a powerful reminder of mortality and accountability in the Hereafter.
Accepting Invitations
Responding to wedding feasts and general invitations strengthens social bonds. The majority of jurists consider accepting wedding invitations obligatory unless there is a valid excuse. This practice fosters unity and shared joy within the Muslim community.
Responding to Sneezing
When a Muslim says "Alhamdulillah" after sneezing, the response "Yarhamukallah" (May Allah have mercy on you) becomes wajib. This exchange acknowledges Allah's praise and seeks divine mercy. The sneezer should then reply "Yahdikumullah wa yuslihu balakum" (May Allah guide you and set your affairs right).