Jihad

Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.

Ibn ʿUmar reported that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ stood—meaning, on the day of Badr—and said, ‘ʿUthman has gone on an errand for Allah and His Messenger, and I pledge allegiance for him.’ The Messenger of Allah allotted him a share, and he allotted nothing to anyone else who was absent. Abu Dawud transmitted it.

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Rafiʿ ibn Khadij reported: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to allot ten sheep as equivalent to one camel in dividing the spoils. Al-Nasaʾi transmitted it.

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Abu Hurayra reported that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: ‘One of the prophets went on a campaign and said to his people: Let no man follow me who has married a woman and wishes to consummate the marriage but has not yet done so; nor anyone who has built houses but not raised their roofs; nor any man who has bought sheep or pregnant camels and is awaiting their delivery. He then went on campaign and approached a village at the time of the afternoon prayer, or around then. He said to the sun: You are commanded, and I am commanded. O Allah, hold it back for us. So it was held back until Allah granted him victory. He gathered the spoils, and then the Fire came—that is, the fire—to consume them, but it would not eat them. He said: There is embezzlement among you. Let one man from each tribe pledge allegiance to me. A man’s hand stuck to his hand, and he said: The embezzlement is among you. They brought a head of gold like a cow’s head and placed it there; then the Fire came and consumed it.’ Another narration adds: ‘The spoils had not been lawful for anyone before us. Then Allah made them lawful for us, seeing our weakness and incapacity, and made them lawful for us.’

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Ibn ʿAbbas reported: ʿUmar told me: When it was the day of Khaybar, some of the Prophet’s Companions came forward and said, ‘So-and-so is a martyr,’ and ‘So-and-so is a martyr,’ until they passed by a man and said, ‘So-and-so is a martyr.’ The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: ‘No. I saw him in the Fire, in a cloak he had embezzled—or an ʿabaʾa.’ Then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: ‘Ibn al-Khattab, go and proclaim to the people three times: None but the believers will enter Paradise.’ I went out and proclaimed: ‘Know that none but the believers will enter Paradise,’ three times. Muslim transmitted it.

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Bajala reported: I was a clerk for Juzʾ ibn Muʿawiya, the uncle of al-Ahnaf. A year before ʿUmar ibn al-Khattab’s death, may Allah be pleased with him, a letter from him came to us: ‘Separate every close relative among the Magians.’ ʿUmar had not been taking the jizya from the Magians until ʿAbd al-Rahman ibn ʿAwf testified that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ had taken it from the Magians of Hajar. Al-Bukhari transmitted it. The hadith of Burayda is also mentioned in the chapter ‘Writing to the Disbelievers’: ‘When he appoints a commander over an army...’

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Muʿadh reported that when the Messenger of Allah ﷺ sent him to Yemen, he instructed him to take one dinar from every adult—that is, one who had reached puberty—or its equivalent in Maʿafiri garments, which are clothes made in Yemen. Abu Dawud transmitted it.

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Ibn ʿAbbas reported that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: ‘There should not be two qiblas in one land, and no jizya is due from a Muslim.’ Ahmad, al-Tirmidhi, and Abu Dawud transmitted it.

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Anas reported: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ sent Khalid ibn al-Walid to Ukaydir of Duma. They captured him and brought him back. He spared his life and made a treaty with him to pay the jizya. Abu Dawud transmitted it.

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Harb ibn ʿUbayd Allah reported from his maternal grandfather, from his father, that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: ‘Tithes are imposed only on the Jews and Christians; there are no tithes on Muslims.’ Ahmad and Abu Dawud transmitted it.

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ʿUqba ibn ʿAmir reported: I said, ‘Messenger of Allah, we pass by people who neither host us nor give us what is due to us, and we do not take anything from them.’ The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: ‘If they insist that you take it by force, then take it.’ Al-Tirmidhi transmitted it.

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Aslam reported that ʿUmar ibn al-Khattab, may Allah be pleased with him, imposed a poll tax of four dinars on those possessing gold and forty dirhams on those possessing silver, along with provisions for the Muslims and hospitality for three days. Malik transmitted it.

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Al-Miswar ibn Makhrama and Marwan ibn al-Hakam reported: The Prophet ﷺ set out in the year of al-Hudaybiya with a little over a thousand of his Companions. When he reached Dhu al-Hulayfa, he garlanded the sacrificial animals, marked them, and entered ihram there for an ʿumra. He travelled until he was at the pass from which they would descend toward them. His riding camel knelt down. The people said, ‘Stop, stop! Al-Qaswaʾ has balked! Al-Qaswaʾ has balked!’ The Prophet ﷺ said: ‘Al-Qaswaʾ has not balked; that is not her nature. Rather, the One who held back the elephant has held her back.’ Then he said: ‘By Him in Whose hand is my soul, they will not ask me for any arrangement that honors Allah’s inviolable things without my granting it to them.’ He urged her on, and she leapt up. He turned away from them and camped at the far end of al-Hudaybiya beside a small pool of water from which people were drawing little by little. Before long, the people had drained it. They complained to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ of thirst. He pulled an arrow from his quiver and ordered them to put it in the pool. By Allah, the water kept welling up for them enough to quench their thirst until they departed. While they were in that state, Budayl ibn Warqa al-Khuzaʿi came with a group of Khuzaʿa. Then ʿUrwa ibn Masʿud came, and the hadith continues until it says: Suhayl ibn ʿAmr came. The Prophet ﷺ said: ‘Write: This is what Muhammad, the Messenger of Allah, has agreed to.’ Suhayl said: ‘By Allah, if we knew you were Allah’s Messenger, we would not have barred you from the House or fought you. Rather, write: Muhammad ibn ʿAbd Allah.’ The Prophet ﷺ said: ‘By Allah, I am indeed Allah’s Messenger, even if you deny me. Write: Muhammad ibn ʿAbd Allah.’ Suhayl said: ‘And on condition that no man from us comes to you, even if he follows your religion, without your returning him to us.’ When the document’s terms had been completed, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to his Companions: ‘Stand up, sacrifice, then shave your heads.’ Then believing women came, and Allah Most High revealed: ‘O you who believe, when believing women come to you as emigrants...’ [the verse]. Allah Most High forbade them to return the women and ordered them to return the dowries. Then he returned to Medina. Abu Basir, a Qurayshi man who was Muslim, came to him. They sent two men to pursue him, and he handed him over to the two men. They took him away, and when they reached Dhu al-Hulayfa, they stopped to eat some dates they had. Abu Basir said to one of the men: ‘By Allah, so-and-so, I see your sword is good. Let me see it.’ He gave him access to it, and Abu Basir struck him until he was dead. The other man fled until he reached Medina, entered the mosque running, and the Prophet ﷺ said: ‘This man has clearly seen something terrifying.’ He said: ‘By Allah, my companion has been killed, and I too will be killed!’ Then Abu Basir arrived. The Prophet ﷺ said: ‘Woe to his mother! He would kindle a war, if only he had someone.’ When Abu Basir heard this, he knew that he would return him to them, so he left and went to the coast. The narrator said: Abu Jandal ibn Suhayl escaped and joined Abu Basir. No Qurayshi man who had become Muslim came out without joining Abu Basir, until a band had gathered around him. By Allah, whenever they heard of a Qurayshi caravan setting out for Syria, they intercepted it, killed them, and took their property. Quraysh then appealed to the Prophet ﷺ by Allah and kinship, asking him to send for them and promising that whoever came to him would be safe. So the Prophet ﷺ sent for them. Al-Bukhari transmitted it.

Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.

Al-Baraʾ ibn ʿAzib reported: On the day of al-Hudaybiya, the Prophet ﷺ made peace with the polytheists on three terms: whoever came to him from among the polytheists, he would return to them; whoever came to them from among the Muslims, they would not return; and he would enter it the following year and stay there for three days, entering only with a sheathed weapon, a sword, a bow, and the like. Then Abu Jandal came, stumbling in his shackles, and he returned him to them.

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Anas reported: Quraysh made peace with the Prophet ﷺ and stipulated to him: ‘Whoever comes to us from among you, we will not return him to you; and whoever comes to you from among us, you will return him to us.’ They said, ‘Messenger of Allah, shall we write this down?’ He replied: ‘Yes. Whoever leaves us to go to them, may Allah keep him far away; and whoever comes to us from them, Allah will grant him relief and a way out.’ Muslim transmitted it.

Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.

ʿAʾisha reported regarding the women’s pledge: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to test them with this verse: ‘O Prophet, when believing women come to you pledging allegiance to you...’ If any of them affirmed this condition, he would say to her, ‘I have accepted your pledge,’ speaking these words to her. By Allah, his hand never touched a woman’s hand while accepting a pledge.

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Al-Miswar and Marwan reported: They agreed to suspend hostilities for ten years, during which people would be safe; that there would be a sealed chest between us; and that there would be no theft and no treachery. Abu Dawud transmitted it.

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Safwan ibn Sulaym reported from several sons of the Companions of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, from their fathers, from the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, who said: ‘Take heed: whoever wrongs a person under covenant, diminishes his due, burdens him beyond his capacity, or takes anything from him without his willing consent, I shall argue against him on the Day of Resurrection.’ Abu Dawud transmitted it.

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Umayma bint Raqiqa reported: I pledged allegiance to the Prophet ﷺ among a group of women. He said to us: ‘As far as you are able and capable.’ I said, ‘Allah and His Messenger are more merciful to us than we are to ourselves.’ I said, ‘Messenger of Allah, accept our pledge’—meaning, shake our hands. He said: ‘My saying to a hundred women is just like my saying to one woman.’ Al-Tirmidhi, al-Nasaʾi, Ibn Majah, and Malik in al-Muwatta transmitted it.

Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.

Al-Baraʾ ibn ʿAzib reported: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ performed ʿumra in Dhu al-Qaʿda, but the people of Mecca refused to let him enter Mecca until he made an agreement with them that he would enter—that is, the following year—and stay there for three days. When they wrote the document, they wrote: ‘This is what Muhammad, the Messenger of Allah, has agreed to.’ They said: ‘We do not accept that. If we knew you were Allah’s Messenger, we would not have prevented you; rather, you are Muhammad ibn ʿAbd Allah.’ He said: ‘I am Allah’s Messenger, and I am Muhammad ibn ʿAbd Allah.’ Then he said to ʿAli ibn Abi Talib: ‘Erase the words Messenger of Allah.’ He replied: ‘No, by Allah, I will never erase you.’ The Messenger of Allah ﷺ took the document—and he was not skilled in writing—and wrote: ‘This is what Muhammad ibn ʿAbd Allah has agreed to: He will not enter Mecca with weapons, except a sword in its sheath; none of its people will leave with him if they wish to follow him; and none of his Companions will be prevented from staying there if they wish.’ When he had entered and the agreed term had passed, they came to ʿAli and said: ‘Tell your companion to leave us; the term has passed.’ So the Prophet ﷺ left.

Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.

Abu Hurayra reported: While we were in the mosque, the Prophet ﷺ came out and said: ‘Set out for the Jews.’ We went with him until we came to the house of study. The Prophet ﷺ stood and said: ‘O community of Jews, accept Islam and you will be safe. Know that the land belongs to Allah and His Messenger, and I intend to expel you from this land. Whoever among you has property should sell it.’