Ibn ‘Umar reported that God’s messenger said when he was on the pulpit speaking of sadaqa and abstention from begging, “The upper hand is better than the lower one, the upper being the one which bestows and the lower the one which begs.” (Bukhari and Muslim.)
The Virtue of Giving Over Receiving
In this noble tradition from the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), the metaphor of "the upper hand" and "the lower hand" illustrates the spiritual hierarchy between the giver and the receiver. The upper hand, which bestows charity (sadaqa), is elevated in status before Allah, while the lower hand, which receives, remains in a position of need. This teaching emphasizes the dignity found in self-sufficiency and generosity.
Scholarly Commentary on the Hadith
Imam al-Nawawi explains in his commentary on Sahih Muslim that this hadith encourages Muslims to strive for independence through lawful means and to avoid begging unless in dire necessity. The "upper hand" refers not only to physical giving but also to one's spiritual state—being a benefactor to others strengthens faith and purifies wealth.
Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani, in Fath al-Bari, notes that the pulpit context underscores the hadith's importance, as the Prophet delivered this during a formal sermon. The comparison serves as a timeless principle: those who give freely emulate Allah's attribute of generosity, while unnecessary begging may diminish personal dignity and trust in Divine provision.
Practical Implications for Zakat
This hadith, cited in Mishkat al-Masabih 1843 under the book of Zakat, reinforces the obligation for those with means to give regularly, ensuring their hands remain "upper" in this world and the Hereafter. It also gently admonishes recipients to avoid soliciting aid unless truly impoverished, preserving societal harmony and personal honor.