The Book of Drinks - Sahih Muslim 2001 a

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) was asked about Bit'i, whereupon he said: Every drink that causes intoxication is forbidden.

Commentary on the Prohibition

This noble hadith establishes a fundamental principle in Islamic jurisprudence regarding intoxicants. The term "Bit'i" refers to a specific alcoholic beverage made from honey that was known to the Arabs during the time of revelation.

The Prophet's response demonstrates the comprehensive nature of Islamic prohibition - it is not limited to a specific substance but applies universally to all intoxicants regardless of their source or form. This principle encompasses wine, beer, spirits, and any substance that clouds the intellect.

Legal Implications and Wisdom

Scholars have derived from this hadith that the criterion for prohibition is the effect of intoxication itself, not merely the substance. Therefore, even small quantities that lead to intoxication are forbidden, as they constitute the means to the prohibited end.

The wisdom behind this prohibition is profound: intoxicants destroy the mind - Allah's great blessing - lead to neglect of prayers, provoke enmity and hatred between people, and cause numerous social and health harms. The preservation of intellect is among the five essential objectives of Islamic law.

Contemporary Application

This ruling extends to all modern intoxicants including narcotics, drugs, and any substance that alters the mind and consciousness. The principle remains unchanged: whatever causes intoxication in large quantities is forbidden in small quantities as well.

Muslims must exercise caution with medications and other substances that may cause drowsiness or mental alteration, ensuring they are used only for legitimate medical purposes under proper guidance and without exceeding prescribed doses.