" You are a person having the remnants of Ignorance in him." (these words also occur, that Abu Dharr) said: Even up to this time of my old age? He (the Holy Prophet) said: Yes. In the tradition transmitted on the authority of Abu Mu'awiya (the words are):" Yes, in this time of your old age." In the tradition transmitted on the authority of 'Isa (the words are):" If you burden him (with an unbearable burden), you should sell him (and get another slave who can easily undertake this burden)." In the hadith transmitted on the authority of Zuhair (the words are):" Help him in that (work)." In the hadith transmitted by Abu Mu'awiya (separately) there is no such word: Then sell him or help him." This hadith concludes with these words:" Do not burden him beyond his capacity."
The Book of Oaths
Sahih Muslim 1661 b
Hadith Commentary
This profound narration from Sahih Muslim addresses Abu Dharr's question regarding remnants of pre-Islamic ignorance. The Prophet's affirmation that such traits persist even in old age demonstrates that spiritual purification is a lifelong journey requiring constant vigilance against base characteristics inherited from the Age of Ignorance.
The various transmissions emphasize the Islamic ethic of humane treatment towards servants and slaves. The instruction to either assist overburdened servants or replace them reveals the Islamic principle that no human should be tasked beyond their capacity. This reflects the Quranic injunction: "Allah does not burden a soul beyond what it can bear" (2:286).
The different wordings in various transmissions complement rather than contradict each other, offering a comprehensive approach: first assist the servant in difficult tasks, and if the burden remains excessive, replace them humanely through proper sale and acquisition. This demonstrates Islam's balanced approach to labor relations, prioritizing human dignity over mere utility.
Scholarly Insights
Classical scholars note that "remnants of ignorance" refer to character flaws like harshness, arrogance, and lack of compassion - traits prevalent in pre-Islamic society. The Prophet's teaching transforms these through gradual spiritual reformation.
The ruling concerning servants establishes that employers bear responsibility for ensuring workers' capabilities match their duties. This principle extends to all employment relationships in Islamic jurisprudence, mandating fairness and consideration of human limitations.