I saw the feet of the polytheists very close to us as we were in the cave. I said: Allah's Messenger, if one amongst them were to see at his feet he would have surely seen us. Thereupon he said: Abu Bakr, what can befall two who have Allah as the third One with them.
The Book of the Merits of the Companions - Sahih Muslim 2381
This narration from the blessed companion Abu Bakr al-Siddiq (may Allah be pleased with him) recounts the perilous moment during the Hijrah when the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ and Abu Bakr took refuge in the Cave of Thawr, pursued by the Quraysh polytheists.
Contextual Background
This incident occurred during the migration from Makkah to Madinah, when the Quraysh had placed a bounty on the Prophet's head. The cave provided temporary shelter while the search party passed nearby.
Abu Bakr's concern reflects the natural human fear when facing imminent danger, demonstrating his protective care for the Messenger of Allah ﷺ.
Scholarly Commentary
The Prophet's response "What can befall two who have Allah as the third" contains profound theological meaning. Scholars explain this as affirming the reality of divine protection (ḥifẓ) and companionship (maʿiyyah) for those who trust in Allah.
Imam al-Nawawi comments that this hadith establishes the principle of tawakkul (reliance on Allah) while taking permissible means of protection. The physical seclusion in the cave was the means, while true protection came from Allah.
Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani notes that this statement demonstrates the highest level of certainty (yaqīn) in Allah's promise of protection, serving as eternal consolation for believers facing difficulties.
Spiritual Lessons
This exchange teaches that when believers unite in righteousness, Allah becomes their unseen protector. The "two" represent any believing company, while "the third" signifies Allah's special care for such gatherings.
The incident also illustrates Abu Bakr's distinguished status as the companion chosen for this sacred journey and his exemplary companionship (ṣuḥbah) to the Prophet ﷺ.
Scholars derive from this that true security comes not from physical barriers but from divine guardianship, reminding believers to maintain spiritual awareness even during worldly precautions.