The Book of ad-Dahaya (Sacrifices) - Sunan an-Nasa'i

A Scholarly Commentary on the Prophetic Tradition of Humane Slaughter

Hadith Text and Authentication

"I heard the Messenger of Allah say: 'Allah, the Mighty and Sublime, has decreed proficiency in all things, so when you kill, kill well, and when you slaughter, slaughter well. Let one of you sharpen his blade and spare suffering to the animal he slaughters" (Sahih - Sunan an-Nasa'i 4411)

Commentary on Divine Excellence (Ihsan)

The phrase "Allah has decreed proficiency in all things" establishes that excellence (ihsan) is a fundamental divine principle governing all creation. As scholars explain, Allah Himself acts with perfection and commands His servants to emulate this quality in their actions, whether worship or worldly matters.

This comprehensive principle extends beyond ritual slaughter to all aspects of life, reflecting the Islamic concept that every lawful action can become an act of worship when performed with excellence and in accordance with divine guidance.

The Command of Humane Treatment

"When you slaughter, slaughter well" embodies the Islamic ethic of compassion toward animals. Classical commentators emphasize that this includes using a sharp blade, swift cutting of the throat, and avoiding any unnecessary suffering.

Scholars explain that causing unnecessary pain to animals is contrary to the spirit of Islamic law, even when taking their lives for lawful consumption. The Prophet's instruction to "spare suffering" establishes animal welfare as a religious obligation.

Practical Implementation

The specific instruction to "sharpen your blade" demonstrates Islam's attention to practical details that implement broader ethical principles. Scholars mention that a dull blade causes prolonged suffering, while a sharp one ensures quick death.

Traditional jurists derived numerous regulations from this hadith: facing the animal toward the qibla, mentioning Allah's name, avoiding slaughter in view of other animals, and ensuring the slaughterer is competent. All these details reflect the comprehensive nature of Islamic animal welfare guidelines.

Spiritual Dimensions

This teaching connects outward action with inward intention. The excellence in slaughter reflects the Muslim's consciousness of Allah's presence in all actions. As scholars note, even this seemingly mundane act becomes a means of drawing closer to Allah when performed with the proper intention and excellence.

The hadith reminds believers that Islamic law seeks to instill mercy and compassion as fundamental character traits, reflecting the divine attributes of the Most Merciful in human conduct toward all creation.