The Messenger of Allah [SAW] said: "Ten things are part of the Fitrah: Trimming the mustache, trimming the nails, washing the joints, letting the beard grow, using the Siwak, rinsing the nose, plucking the armpit hairs, shaving the pubes, and washing with water (after relieving oneself)." Mus'ab bin Shaibah said: "I have forgotten the tenth, unless it was rinsing the mouth."
The Book of Adornment - Sunan an-Nasa'i 5040
This noble hadith from the Messenger of Allah ﷺ enumerates ten acts that constitute the natural disposition (fitrah) upon which Allah created mankind. These practices purify the body, maintain hygiene, and distinguish the believer in appearance and character.
Commentary on the Ten Acts of Fitrah
Trimming the Mustache: Scholars differ whether this means shortening or complete removal, with the stronger opinion being shortening to expose the lips while removing what grows over them.
Letting the Beard Grow: This distinguishes Muslim men from non-believers and is among the most emphasized sunnahs. The beard should be kept neat and tidy without excessive length that appears unkempt.
Using Siwak: This purifies the mouth and pleases Allah. The siwak cleans teeth, freshens breath, and has numerous health benefits. It is particularly recommended before prayers.
Rinsing the Nose: This removes impurities and dust particles, maintaining respiratory health and purity for worship.
Trimming the Nails: Prevents accumulation of dirt and germs. Scholars recommend doing this weekly, preferably on Fridays before prayer.
Washing the Joints: Refers to thorough cleaning of body folds and creases where impurities accumulate.
Plucking Armpit Hairs: Removes sources of odor and maintains cleanliness. May be done by any means of removal.
Shaving Pubic Hair: Maintains hygiene and prevents unpleasant odors. Should be removed at least every forty days.
Washing with Water after Relieving Oneself: Ensures complete purification using water alone or with stones/tissue followed by water.
Rinsing the Mouth: Completes the purification of the oral cavity, working with siwak to maintain comprehensive mouth hygiene.
Scholarly Observations
These ten acts collectively represent the comprehensive Islamic approach to personal hygiene and appearance. They transform mundane acts into worship when performed with the intention of following the Sunnah. The forgetfulness of Mus'ab bin Shaibah regarding the tenth item demonstrates the human nature of narrators while preserving the essential teachings through scholarly consensus.