The Book of Adornment - Sunan an-Nasa'i 5042

"Ten things are from the Sunnah: Using the Siwak, trimming the mustache, rinsing the mouth, rinsing the nose, letting the beard grow, trimming the nails, plucking the armpit hairs, circumcision, shaving the pubes and washing one's backside."

Commentary on the Ten Sunnahs of Fitrah

This noble hadith enumerates ten practices known as "Sunan al-Fitrah" - acts that align with human nature as ordained by Allah. These practices purify the believer both physically and spiritually, distinguishing Muslims in their appearance and hygiene.

The Siwak (miswak) cleanses the mouth and pleases Allah. Trimming the mustache prevents food particles from accumulating and maintains cleanliness. Rinsing the mouth and nose during ablution purifies the pathways of speech and breath.

Letting the beard grow distinguishes Muslim men from polytheists and follows the natural disposition. Trimming nails prevents accumulation of impurities. Removing armpit and pubic hair maintains hygiene and reduces odor.

Circumcision completes the fitrah and has health benefits. Istinja (washing after relieving oneself) ensures physical purity required for prayer. Together, these practices demonstrate how Islam comprehensively addresses both spiritual and worldly aspects of life.

Scholarly Insights

Imam an-Nawawi explains these are acts of innate human nature that all prophets taught. They enhance personal hygiene, promote good health, and distinguish Muslim identity.

Ibn al-Qayyim emphasizes the wisdom behind each practice: the siwak strengthens gums, trimming nails prevents diseases, and circumcision reduces health risks. These are not mere rituals but divinely guided practices with tangible benefits.

The scholars differ on whether all ten are obligatory or recommended, with majority considering most as emphasized sunnahs except circumcision which has stronger obligation for males.