"Five things are of the Fitrah: Clipping the nails, trimming the mustache, plucking the armpit hairs, shaving the pubes, and circumcision." (Sahih Mawquf)
The Book of Adornment - Sunan an-Nasa'i
A Scholarly Commentary on the Fitrah Practices
The Meaning of Fitrah
The term "Fitrah" refers to the primordial nature upon which Allah created humanity. These five practices align with our natural disposition, promoting purity, hygiene, and submission to Divine will.
Detailed Explanation of Practices
Clipping the nails: Prevents accumulation of impurities and maintains cleanliness essential for ritual purity (taharah).
Trimming the mustache: Ensures food and drink remain uncontaminated, following the Prophetic example of neat appearance.
Plucking armpit hairs: Removes sources of odor and maintains bodily hygiene in accordance with Islamic principles of cleanliness.
Shaving pubic hairs: Prevents accumulation of impurities and facilitates thorough cleansing required for worship.
Circumcision: Completes the natural form as intended by Allah and provides numerous hygienic benefits acknowledged by medical science.
Legal Rulings and Timing
Scholars agree these practices are highly recommended (mustahabb) at minimum, with circumcision being obligatory according to most schools. The recommended frequency is every forty days to maintain continuous cleanliness.
Spiritual Significance
These acts transform mundane hygiene into acts of worship when performed with intention. They cultivate discipline, remind believers of their covenant with Allah, and distinguish Muslims in their adherence to Divine guidance.
Related References
Sunan an-Nasa'i 5044 and other authentic narrations emphasize the importance of these Fitrah practices in maintaining the Muslim's distinctive character and spiritual purity.