"The Prophet of Allah [SAW] took hold of some silk in his right hand, and some gold in his left, then he said: 'These two are forbidden for the males of my Ummah.'"
The Prohibition of Silk and Gold for Men
This noble hadith from Sunan an-Nasa'i (5145) in The Book of Adornment establishes a clear divine prohibition regarding men's attire and adornment. The Prophet's physical demonstration - holding silk in one hand and gold in the other - serves as a powerful visual reinforcement of this ruling.
Scholarly Commentary on the Prohibition
The scholars of Islam have unanimously agreed upon the prohibition of silk and gold for Muslim men, while permitting them for women. This distinction reflects the divine wisdom in differentiating between masculine and feminine adornment, preserving natural distinctions between genders.
Imam an-Nawawi explains that the prohibition applies to wearing silk in garments, though its use for medical treatment or necessary lining is exempted. Similarly, gold includes all forms - rings, chains, watches, or any item primarily made of gold.
Wisdom Behind the Prohibition
The prohibition serves multiple purposes: it prevents extravagance and vanity, encourages humility before Allah, maintains gender distinction in society, and directs wealth toward beneficial purposes rather than mere ostentation.
Ibn al-Qayyim notes that these materials often lead to arrogance and softness of heart, qualities contrary to the masculine virtues of strength, courage, and humility that Islam cultivates in men.
Exceptions and Applications
Scholars mention exceptions for medical necessity, such as using silk bandages for skin conditions. Also, a small amount of silk trim (not exceeding four fingers width) is permitted according to some schools of thought.
The prohibition extends to all male Muslims regardless of status or wealth, emphasizing the universal application of Islamic rulings and the importance of adhering to Prophetic guidance in matters of personal adornment.