أَخْبَرَنَا سُوَيْدُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ، قَالَ أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ، عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ، قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا أَيُّوبُ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم قَالَ ‏"‏ كُلُّ مُسْكِرٍ حَرَامٌ وَكُلُّ مُسْكِرٍ خَمْرٌ ‏"‏ ‏.‏
Translation
It was narrated that Ibn 'Umar said

"The Messenger of Allah [SAW] said: 'Every intoxicant is unlawful and every intoxicant is Khamr.'"

Comment

The Book of Drinks - Sunan an-Nasa'i 5583

"The Messenger of Allah [SAW] said: 'Every intoxicant is unlawful and every intoxicant is Khamr.'"

Linguistic Analysis

The term "Khamr" linguistically refers to that which covers or veils the intellect. In Islamic terminology, it specifically denotes any substance that causes intoxication and clouds the mind's proper functioning.

Comprehensive Prohibition

This hadith establishes a fundamental principle: whatever intoxicates in large quantities is prohibited even in small amounts. The Prophet (ﷺ) used the word "every" to emphasize the universality of this ruling, leaving no room for exceptions based on the substance's origin or form.

Wisdom Behind the Prohibition

Intoxicants lead to neglect of prayers, damage social relations, cause health deterioration, waste wealth, and most importantly, impair the God-given faculty of reason - which distinguishes humans from animals and enables religious responsibility.

Scholarly Consensus

All four schools of Islamic jurisprudence agree on the prohibition of all intoxicating substances, whether derived from grapes, dates, wheat, or any other source. This includes modern alcoholic beverages and drugs that affect mental clarity.

Practical Application

Muslims must avoid not only consumption but also production, distribution, and any transaction involving intoxicants. The prohibition extends to sitting at tables where alcohol is served and participating in businesses that deal with such substances.