The Book of Drinks - Sunan an-Nasa'i 5586

"Every intoxicant is unlawful and every intoxicant is Khamr."

Commentary on the Prohibition

This profound hadith establishes the fundamental Islamic principle that all substances causing intoxication are categorically forbidden. The term "Khamr" specifically refers to grape wine, but the Prophet's explicit declaration extends this prohibition to encompass every substance that clouds the mind, whether derived from grapes, dates, wheat, or any other source.

The wisdom behind this comprehensive prohibition lies in preserving the human intellect ('aql), which Allah has honored as one of the five essential purposes of Islamic law (maqasid al-shari'ah). Intoxication leads to the loss of reason, which in turn causes neglect of prayer, promotes immoral behavior, and damages social relations.

Scholarly Interpretation

Classical scholars like Imam al-Nawawi explained that this hadith establishes the principle of "analogical extension" (qiyas), where the legal ruling of prohibition applies not only to grape wine but to all intoxicating substances. The determining factor is the effect on the mind, not the substance itself.

Ibn Qudamah al-Maqdisi emphasized that even small quantities are forbidden if they lead to intoxication when consumed in larger amounts, based on the Prophet's saying: "Whatever intoxicates in large quantities, a small amount of it is also forbidden." This preventive measure safeguards against the gradual descent into intoxication.

Contemporary Application

This ruling applies comprehensively to all modern intoxicants including alcoholic beverages, narcotic drugs, and any substance designed to alter consciousness. The prohibition remains absolute regardless of cultural practices or social acceptance.

Muslim jurists unanimously agree that involvement with intoxicants - whether in production, distribution, or consumption - constitutes major sin. The preservation of clear-mindedness is essential for proper worship, sound judgment, and maintaining the moral fabric of society as intended by the Divine Lawgiver.