The Book of Drinks - Sunan an-Nasa'i 5588

"The Messenger of Allah [SAW] said: 'Every intoxicant is unlawful.'"

Textual Analysis

This hadith employs the comprehensive term "kullu" (every) which in Islamic legal terminology indicates generality and inclusiveness, leaving no room for exceptions.

The word "muskir" (intoxicant) encompasses any substance that clouds the intellect, regardless of its source - whether from grapes, dates, wheat, or any other origin.

Legal Ruling

The prohibition is absolute and applies to both small and large quantities, as even a small amount leads to larger consumption.

This ruling extends beyond alcoholic drinks to include modern intoxicants like drugs and narcotics, as they share the same essential characteristic of impairing reason.

Wisdom Behind the Prohibition

Intoxicants destroy the mind - Allah's greatest blessing to humanity - which distinguishes humans from animals and enables worship.

They lead to neglect of prayers, squandering of wealth, breakdown of family ties, and commission of other sins while intoxicated.

The preservation of intellect ('aql) is one of the five essential objectives of Islamic law (maqasid al-shari'ah).

Scholarly Consensus

There is unanimous agreement among all schools of Islamic jurisprudence regarding the prohibition of intoxicants.

This prohibition includes not only consumption but also production, transportation, and trade in intoxicating substances.