The Book of Drinks - Sunan an-Nasa'i 5595

"The Messenger of Allah [SAW] said: 'Every intoxicant is unlawful.'"

Textual Analysis

This hadith employs the comprehensive term "kullu" (every) which in Islamic legal terminology indicates generality and inclusiveness, leaving no room for exceptions.

The word "muskir" (intoxicant) refers to any substance that clouds the mind and impairs rational thinking, regardless of its source or form.

Legal Ruling

This prophetic declaration establishes the fundamental principle that all intoxicating substances are categorically forbidden in Islam.

The prohibition extends beyond alcoholic beverages to include any substance - whether liquid, solid, or gaseous - that causes intoxication.

Wisdom Behind the Prohibition

Intoxicants lead to the loss of intellect, which Allah has honored mankind with and made the basis of legal responsibility (taklīf).

They cause harm to individual health, family structure, and social order, and often lead to greater sins and immoral behavior.

Scholarly Consensus

There is unanimous agreement among the four schools of Islamic jurisprudence on the prohibition of all intoxicating substances.

This prohibition includes not only consumption but also production, transportation, and trade of intoxicants.