Hadith Text & Reference

The Prophet [SAW] said: "What intoxicates in large amounts, a small amount of it is unlawful."

Source: Sunan an-Nasa'i 5607 | Book: The Book of Drinks | Author: Sunan an-Nasa'i

Scholarly Commentary (Tafsir)

This hadith establishes a fundamental principle in Islamic jurisprudence regarding intoxicants. The prohibition is not limited to the state of intoxication itself, but extends to any substance that causes intoxication when consumed in quantity.

Scholars explain that if a substance has the inherent property to cause intoxication when taken in large quantities, then even the smallest quantity of that substance is considered haram (unlawful). This preventive measure (sadd al-dhara'i) closes the door to potential intoxication and preserves the intellect ('aql), which Allah has made sacred.

This ruling applies to all intoxicating substances, including alcoholic drinks, narcotics, and any other matter that clouds the mind. The wisdom behind this comprehensive prohibition is to protect the individual's religion, mind, honor, and wealth from the harms of intoxication.

Legal Implications

Based on this principle, Islamic law prohibits not only consumption but also production, transportation, and trade of intoxicants. The prohibition remains regardless of the substance's form - whether liquid, solid, or gas.

This ruling demonstrates the comprehensive nature of Islamic legislation, which addresses the root causes of harm rather than merely treating symptoms. By prohibiting even small amounts, Islam ensures complete protection of human dignity and social welfare.