"Abdullah said: 'There are three (traits), whoever has them is a hypocrite: When he speaks, he lies; when he is entrusted with something, he betrays that trust; and when he makes a promise, he breaks it. Whoever has one of these (traits) then a trait of hypocrisy has not ceased in him, until he leaves it.'" (Sahih Mawquf)
The Book Of Faith and its Signs - Sunan an-Nasa'i
A Scholarly Commentary on the Hadith of Abdullah ibn Mas'ud
The Text and its Status
This narration from the Companion Abdullah ibn Mas'ud is recorded as Sahih Mawquf, meaning it is authentically traced to the Companion himself rather than being a direct saying of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). It carries great weight as it comes from one of the most learned Companions.
The Three Traits of Hypocrisy
The hadith identifies three fundamental characteristics: lying in speech, betrayal of trust, and breaking promises. These are described as the traits of nifaq (hypocrisy) - the state of displaying Islam while concealing disbelief in the heart.
Scholars explain that these are the practical manifestations of the hypocrisy that exists in actions, distinct from the major hypocrisy of disbelief. They represent a severe corruption of one's character and social conduct.
The Gradual Nature of Sin
The concluding portion - "Whoever has one of these then a trait of hypocrisy has not ceased in him" - reveals the dangerous nature of these sins. They are not to be taken lightly, as each one contains an element of the hypocritical character.
This teaches us that sins are not isolated acts but rather cultivate specific traits within the soul. Persisting in any one of these actions nurtures the quality of hypocrisy within a person.
The Path to Rectification
The phrase "until he leaves it" provides the remedy. It emphasizes that salvation lies in complete abandonment of these traits. Mere occasional avoidance is insufficient; one must fundamentally transform their character.
This requires sincere repentance (tawbah), seeking Allah's forgiveness, and actively cultivating opposite virtues: truthfulness, trustworthiness, and faithfulness in promises.
Practical Implications
Muslims must regularly audit their conduct regarding these three matters. Every word spoken should be weighed for truthfulness, every trust fulfilled with excellence, and every promise honored without exception.
This hadith serves as a mirror for self-reflection and a warning against complacency in matters that strike at the very foundation of faith and social relations.