Hadith Text & Context

The narration from Ibn 'Abbas states: "The Messenger of Allah [SAW] said: 'Whoever changes his religion, kill him.'" This hadith is recorded in Sunan an-Nasa'i (4064) and other authentic collections.

This ruling applies specifically to apostasy from Islam (irtidad) after voluntary acceptance of the faith, not to forced converts or those without sound mind.

Scholarly Interpretation

Classical scholars from all four madhahib agree this ruling protects the Islamic community's religious integrity and prevents religious corruption.

The apostate is given time for reflection and invitation to repent before execution, following the Prophet's practice with apostates.

This punishment applies only in an Islamic state with proper judicial procedures, not through individual vigilantism.

Legal Conditions & Restrictions

The apostate must be mentally competent, adult, and acting voluntarily without coercion.

Women apostates are not executed according to most scholars, but imprisoned until repentance.

The ruling aims to preserve religious commitment and prevent religious strife within the Muslim community.

Contemporary Understanding

Modern scholars emphasize this ruling's contextual nature and its application only under proper Islamic governance.

The primary objective remains inviting to Islam through wisdom and beautiful preaching, with execution as last resort after established judicial process.