"The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) used to pray eleven rak'ahs, making it odd (witr) by one between the time when he finished 'Isha and dawn, and he would prostrate for as long as it takes one of you to recite fifty verses before raising his head."
The Book of Forgetfulness (In Prayer)
Sunan an-Nasa'i - Hadith Reference: Sunan an-Nasa'i 1328
Hadith Text
"The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) used to pray eleven rak'ahs, making it odd (witr) by one between the time when he finished 'Isha and dawn, and he would prostrate for as long as it takes one of you to recite fifty verses before raising his head."
Commentary on the Night Prayer (Tahajjud)
This noble hadith establishes the Sunnah practice of the Prophet's night prayer, which consisted of eleven rak'ahs including the witr prayer. The phrase "between the time when he finished 'Isha and dawn" indicates that this was the Tahajjud prayer performed during the latter part of the night, which is most virtuous.
The specification of eleven rak'ahs demonstrates the moderation in the Prophet's nightly worship, refuting both extremes of negligence and excessive rigor. Scholars note that while the number may vary, this was his most consistent practice.
Commentary on the Prostration
The description of the prolonged prostration, lasting the duration of reciting fifty verses, illustrates the perfect concentration (khushu') and humility in the Prophet's prayer. This extended prostration allows for thorough supplication and intimate communion with Allah.
The comparison to reciting fifty verses provides a practical measure for understanding the appropriate length, suggesting neither excessive prolongation that causes hardship nor hurried performance that diminishes spirituality. This balance reflects the comprehensive mercy of Islamic legislation.
Legal Rulings Derived
The witr prayer is confirmed as an emphasized Sunnah (Sunnah Mu'akkadah) to be performed after 'Isha and before dawn. The odd number is essential to its validity, as indicated by "making it odd by one."
Prolonging the postures of prayer, especially prostration, is recommended when possible, as it increases humility and devotion. However, this should be balanced with consideration of one's capacity and circumstances.
The permissibility of praying voluntary prayers during the entire period between 'Isha and Fajr is established, with the latter part being most virtuous for Tahajjud.