"The Messenger of Allah married me when I was seven years old, and he consummated the marriage with me when I was nine."
The Book of Marriage - Sunan an-Nasa'i 3256
This narration from Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) regarding her marriage to the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) has been authenticated by scholars of hadith and requires understanding within its proper historical and legal context.
Historical Context
In 7th century Arabia, such marriages were culturally normative and legally recognized. The age of maturity was determined by physical development rather than chronological age.
Aisha's marriage followed established customs where families arranged marriages for political, social, and religious reasons, particularly among noble households.
Legal Perspective
Islamic jurisprudence recognizes puberty as the threshold for marriage consummation. Scholars note that Aisha had reached physical maturity before cohabitation.
The marriage contract was concluded earlier, while consummation awaited her physical readiness, demonstrating the Prophet's consideration for her welfare.
Scholarly Commentary
Classical scholars emphasize that this specific case does not establish a general ruling but reflects the particular circumstances of that era.
Later Islamic jurists developed more comprehensive age requirements based on physical and mental maturity, with many contemporary scholars emphasizing the importance of both chronological age and readiness for marital responsibilities.