It was narrated from 'Alqamah and Al-Aswad that 'Abdullah said: "The Messenger of Allah said to us: 'Whoever among you can afford it, let him get married, and whoever cannot then he should fast, for it will be a restraint (wija') for him.'" Abu Abdur-Rahman said: (The mention of) Al-Aswad in this hadith is not preserved.
The Book of Marriage - Sunan an-Nasa'i 3208
A commentary from the perspective of classical Islamic scholarship on the Prophetic guidance regarding marriage and its alternative for those unable to marry.
Textual Analysis & Chain of Narration
The hadith is narrated through the companions 'Alqamah and Al-Aswad from Abdullah ibn Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him). Abu Abdur-Rahman's note regarding Al-Aswad's mention indicates scholarly scrutiny of the chain, a common practice among hadith masters to ensure authenticity.
Primary Meaning: Marriage as Recommended Act
The Prophet (peace be upon him) establishes marriage as the normative state for those possessing financial capability (istita'ah). This includes having the means for mahr (dowry) and marital expenses without falling into debt or neglecting obligatory responsibilities.
The Alternative: Fasting as Spiritual Protection
For those incapable of marriage, fasting serves as "wija'" - a shield or restraint. Classical scholars explain this as reducing sexual desire through physiological and spiritual means, thereby protecting one's chastity. This demonstrates Islam's practical approach to human nature.
Legal Rulings Derived
Scholars classify marriage as highly recommended (mustahabb) for those with means. The condition of affordability prevents hardship. Fasting here refers to voluntary fasting beyond obligatory Ramadan fasts, particularly those known to diminish desire like the fasts of Dawud (peace be upon him).
Spiritual Wisdom
This teaching balances between fulfilling natural instincts through lawful means and providing spiritual alternatives when circumstances prevent marriage. It reflects Islam's comprehensive approach to human needs - neither suppressing natural desires nor indulging them unlawfully.